Which visualization will accomplish this?

A Machine Learning Specialist kicks off a hyperparameter tuning job for a tree-based ensemble model using Amazon SageMaker with Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) as the objective metric This workflow will eventually be deployed in a pipeline that retrains and tunes hyperparameters each night to model click-through on data that goes stale every 24 hours

With the goal of decreasing the amount of time it takes to train these models, and ultimately to decrease costs, the Specialist wants to reconfigure the input hyperparameter range(s).

Which visualization will accomplish this?
A . A histogram showing whether the most important input feature is Gaussian.
B . A scatter plot with points colored by target variable that uses (-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (I-SNE) to visualize the large number of input variables in an easier-to-read dimension.
C . A scatter plot showing (he performance of the objective metric over each training iteration
D . A scatter plot showing the correlation between maximum tree depth and the objective metric.

View Answer

Answer: D

Explanation:

A scatter plot showing the correlation between maximum tree depth and the objective metric is a visualization that can help the Machine Learning Specialist reconfigure the input hyperparameter range(s) for the tree-based ensemble model. A scatter plot is a type of graph that displays the relationship between two variables using dots, where each dot represents one observation. A scatter plot can show the direction, strength, and shape of the correlation between the variables, as well as any outliers or clusters. In this case, the scatter plot can show how the maximum tree depth, which is a hyperparameter that controls the complexity and depth of the decision trees in the ensemble model, affects the AUC, which is the objective metric that measures the performance of the model in terms of the trade-off between true positive rate and false positive rate. By looking at the scatter plot, the Machine Learning Specialist can see if there is a positive, negative, or no correlation between the maximum tree depth and the AUC, and how strong or weak the correlation is. The Machine Learning Specialist can also see if there is an optimal value or range of values for the maximum tree depth that maximizes the AUC, or if there is a point of diminishing returns or overfitting where increasing the maximum tree depth does not improve or even worsens the AUC. Based on the scatter plot, the Machine Learning Specialist can reconfigure the input hyperparameter range(s) for the maximum tree depth to focus on the values that yield the best AUC, and avoid the values that result in poor AUC. This can decrease the amount of time and cost it takes to train the model, as the hyperparameter tuning job can explore fewer and more promising combinations of values. A scatter plot can be created using various tools and libraries, such as Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, etc12

The other options are not valid or relevant for reconfiguring the input hyperparameter range(s) for the tree-based ensemble model. A histogram showing whether the most important input feature is Gaussian is a visualization that can help the Machine Learning Specialist understand the distribution and shape of the input data, but not the hyperparameters. A histogram is a type of graph that displays the frequency or count of values in a single variable using bars, where each bar represents a bin or interval of values. A histogram can show if the variable is symmetric, skewed, or multimodal, and if it follows a normal or Gaussian distribution, which is a bell-shaped curve that is often assumed by many machine learning algorithms. In this case, the histogram can show if the most important input feature, which is a variable that has the most influence or predictive power on the output variable, is Gaussian or not. However, this does not help the Machine Learning Specialist reconfigure the input hyperparameter range(s) for the tree-based ensemble model, as the input feature is not a hyperparameter that can be tuned or optimized. A histogram can be created using various tools and libraries, such as Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, etc34

A scatter plot with points colored by target variable that uses t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to visualize the large number of input variables in an easier-to-read dimension is a visualization that can help the Machine Learning Specialist understand the structure and clustering of the input data, but not the hyperparameters. t-SNE is a technique that can reduce the dimensionality of high-dimensional data, such as images, text, or gene expression, and project it onto a lower-dimensional space, such as two or three dimensions, while preserving the local similarities and distances between the data points. t-SNE can help visualize and explore the patterns and relationships in the data, such as the clusters, outliers, or separability of the classes. In this case, the scatter plot can show how the input variables, which are the features or predictors of the output variable, are mapped onto a two-dimensional space using t-SNE, and how the points are colored by the target variable, which is the output or response variable that the model tries to predict. However, this does not help the Machine Learning Specialist reconfigure the input hyperparameter range(s) for the tree-based ensemble model, as the input variables and the target variable are not hyperparameters that can be tuned or optimized. A scatter plot with t-SNE can be created using various tools and libraries, such as Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch, etc5

A scatter plot showing the performance of the objective metric over each training iteration is a visualization that can help the Machine Learning Specialist understand the learning curve and convergence of the model, but not the hyperparameters. A scatter plot is a type of graph that displays the relationship between two variables using dots, where each dot represents one observation. A scatter plot can show the direction, strength, and shape of the correlation between the variables, as well as any outliers or clusters. In this case, the scatter plot can show how the objective metric, which is the performance measure that the model tries to optimize, changes over each training iteration, which is the number of times that the model updates its parameters using a batch of data. A scatter plot can show if the objective metric improves, worsens, or stagnates over time, and if the model converges to a stable value or oscillates or diverges. However, this does not help the Machine Learning Specialist reconfigure the input hyperparameter range(s) for the tree-based ensemble model, as the objective metric and the training iteration are not hyperparameters that can be tuned or optimized. A scatter plot can be created using various tools and libraries, such as Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, etc.