Which strategy should a solutions architect recommend to remediate these security risks?

A company runs an application on AWS. An AWS Lambda function uses credentials to authenticate to an Amazon RDS tor MySQL DB instance. A security risk assessment identified that these credentials are not frequently rotated. Also, encryption at rest is not enabled for the DB instance. The security team requires that both of these issues be resolved.

Which strategy should a solutions architect recommend to remediate these security risks?
A . Configure the Lambda function to store and retrieve the database credentials in AWS Secrets Manager and enable rotation of the credentials. Take a snapshot ol the DB instance and encrypt a copy of that snapshot. Replace the DB instance with a new DB instance that is based on the encrypted snapshot.
B . Enable IAM DB authentication on the DB instance. Grant the Lambda execution role access to the DB instance. Modify the DB instance and enable encryption.
C . Enable IAM DB authentication on the DB instance. Grant the Lambda execution role access to the DB instance. Create an encrypted read replica of the DB instance. Promote Ihe encrypted read replica to be the new primary node.
D . Configure the Lambda function to store and retrieve the database credentials as encrypted AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store parameters. Create another Lambda function to automatically rotate the credentials. Create an encrypted read replica of the DB instance. Promote the encrypted read replica to be the new primary node.

View Answer

Answer: A

Explanation:

Parameter store can store DB credentials as secure string but CANNOT rotate secrets, hence, go with A + Cannot enable encryption on existing MySQL RDS instance, must create a new encrypted one from unencrypted snapshot.

https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/rotate-amazon-rds-database-credentials-automatically-with-aws-secrets-manager/#:~:text=Secrets%20Manager%20offers%20built%2Din%20integrations%20for% 20rotating%20credentials%20for,rotate%20other%20types%20of%20secrets.

Encrypting a unencrypted instance of DB or creating a encrypted replica of an un encrypted DB instance are not possible Hence A is the only solution possible. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Overview.Encryption.html#Overview.Encryption.Limitations