Which of the following phases of the evolutionary testing model is associated with Maturity Level 1 “Initial” of the TMMi?

The evolutionary testing model of Gelperin and Hetzel has served as a foundation for historical level differentiation in the TMMi. The evolutionary testing model describes a number of test phases.

Which of the following phases of the evolutionary testing model is associated with Maturity Level 1 “Initial” of the TMMi?
A . Debugging-oriented phase
B . Destruction-oriented phase
C . Evaluation-oriented phase
D . Demonstration-oriented phase

Answer: A

Explanation:

The Debugging-oriented phase from Gelperin and Hetzel’s evolutionary testing model is associated with Maturity Level 1 "Initial" of TMMi. At this maturity level, testing is not yet a distinct and well-defined process but is often interleaved with debugging. Organizations at this level have chaotic and ad-hoc testing activities, with no separation between testing and debugging.

Maturity Level 1 organizations lack formal processes, and testing is often reactive, performed alongside fixing bugs in the code. This is in line with the debugging-oriented phase, where testing and debugging are seen as part of the same activity. TMMi

Reference: The TMMi framework draws directly from the evolutionary model of Gelperin and Hetzel, associating the Debugging-oriented phase with Level 1, which describes a chaotic, unmanaged testing environment.