A woman presents to the clinic with signs and symptoms of menopause. The doctor advised to start hormonal replacement therapy. The woman enquired about the adverse effects of this therapy.
Which of the following is an adverse effects of the hormonal replacement therapy?
A . Osteoporosis
B . Atherosclerosis
C . Endometrial cancer
D . Cerebrovascular accident
Answer: C
Explanation:
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can have several adverse effects. One significant risk associated with HRT, especially if estrogen is given without progesterone to women with an intact uterus, is the increased risk of endometrial cancer. Estrogen stimulates the lining of the uterus, and without the balancing effect of progesterone, this can lead to endometrial hyperplasia and potentially cancer.
Other risks include breast cancer, blood clots, and stroke, but endometrial cancer is a specific concern with unopposed estrogen therapy.
Reference: Goodman, N. F., et al. (2011). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of menopause. Endocrine Practice, 17(6), 1-25.
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