Which of the following approaches can they take to include as much information as possible in the feature set?

A data scientist has replaced missing values in their feature set with each respective feature variable’s median value. A colleague suggests that the data scientist is throwing away valuable information by doing this.

Which of the following approaches can they take to include as much information as possible in the feature set?
A . Impute the missing values using each respective feature variable’s mean value instead of the median value
B . Refrain from imputing the missing values in favor of letting the machine learning algorithm determine how to handle them
C . Remove all feature variables that originally contained missing values from the feature set
D . Create a binary feature variable for each feature that contained missing values indicating whether each row’s value has been imputed
E . Create a constant feature variable for each feature that contained missing values indicating the percentage of rows from the feature that was originally missing

Answer: D

Explanation:

By creating a binary feature variable for each feature with missing values to indicate whether a value has been imputed, the data scientist can preserve information about the original state of the data. This approach maintains the integrity of the dataset by marking which values are original and which are synthetic (imputed). Here are the steps to implement this approach: Identify Missing Values: Determine which features contain missing values.

Impute Missing Values: Continue with median imputation or choose another method (mean, mode, regression, etc.) to fill missing values.

Create Indicator Variables: For each feature that had missing values, add a new binary feature. This feature should be ‘1’ if the original value was missing and imputed, and ‘0’ otherwise.

Data Integration: Integrate these new binary features into the existing dataset. This maintains a record of where data imputation occurred, allowing models to potentially weight these observations differently.

Model Adjustment: Adjust machine learning models to account for these new features, which might

involve considering interactions between these binary indicators and other features.

Reference

"Feature Engineering for Machine Learning" by Alice Zheng and Amanda Casari (O’Reilly Media, 2018), especially the sections on handling missing data.

Scikit-learn documentation on imputing missing values: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/impute.html