Under English law’s general legal principles of contract formation, which of the following are likely to be offers? Select TWO that apply.

Under English law’s general legal principles of contract formation, which of the following are likely to be offers? Select TWO that apply.
A . Invitation to tender
B. Quotation
C. Purchase order
D. Advertisement
E. Catalogue

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Answer: B

Explanation:

An offer is a full statement of what the offeror is willing to provide and the terms by which they are willing to provide it.

There are some statements that are not offers:

– Invitation to treat: this states that a person or organisation is willing to enter into discussions about the possibility of a deal, but does not confirm a willingness to be bound by any terms mentioned. Catalogues, goods on display and ITTs are invitation to treat. Civil law countries may have different perspective on this matter. Article 2:201 (3) of The Principles of European Contract Law states: ‘A proposal to supply goods or services at stated prices made by a professional supplier in a public advertisement or a catalogue, or by a display of goods, is presumed to be an offer to sell or supply at that price until the stock of goods, or the supplier’s capacity to supply the service, is exhausted.’ Learners are advised to look at their countries’ legislation for more information on offer and acceptance.

– Declaration of intention: this is defined as an aim or a plan.

– A ‘mere puff’ (or boast): this is anything which is not intended to be taken literally or seriously, such as many advertisement.

– Provision of information: merely provides information, but provider does not confirm willingness to be bound.

Reference: CIPS study guide page 29-30

LO 1, AC 1.2