Test Prep PCAT Pharmacy College Admission Test Online Training
Test Prep PCAT Online Training
The questions for PCAT were last updated at Nov 23,2024.
- Exam Code: PCAT
- Exam Name: Pharmacy College Admission Test
- Certification Provider: Test Prep
- Latest update: Nov 23,2024
Question #41
Why does the lactic acid pathway predominate in anaerobic respiration?
- A . because the lactic acid can be made into oxygen when needed
- B . because O2 is needed for the creation of NADH
- C . because O2 is required for glycolysis
- D . without O2 there is no electron acceptor for the ETC
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
Lactic acid fermentation, a method of anaerobic respiration, is relied upon to generate energy for cells in the absence of oxygen.
However, because oxygen acts as the primary electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, the lactic acid pathway, lacking oxygen, contains no electron acceptor in the process.
D
Explanation:
Lactic acid fermentation, a method of anaerobic respiration, is relied upon to generate energy for cells in the absence of oxygen.
However, because oxygen acts as the primary electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, the lactic acid pathway, lacking oxygen, contains no electron acceptor in the process.
Question #42
Which pathway accounts for the least amount of ATP generated (by the pathway)?
- A . glycolysis
- B . TCA cycle
- C . ETC
- D . all have an equal number of ATP made
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
The generation of most to least ATP is as follows: ETC, which can produce 32 ATP; Glycolysis, which produces 2 ATP, and the TCA cycle, which produces 2 GTP in addition to electron carriers that are used in the ETC to generate ATP.
B
Explanation:
The generation of most to least ATP is as follows: ETC, which can produce 32 ATP; Glycolysis, which produces 2 ATP, and the TCA cycle, which produces 2 GTP in addition to electron carriers that are used in the ETC to generate ATP.
Question #43
An action potential would travel fastest in:
- A . unmyelinated, thick axon
- B . myelinated, thick axon
- C . unmyelinated, thin axon
- D . myelinated thin axon
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
Axons are thin or thick bundles of nerve fibers. The thicker an axon is, the more quickly an action potential will travel through it. Additionally, a myelin sheath functions as an insulator that also facilitates the rapid transmission of an action potential.
B
Explanation:
Axons are thin or thick bundles of nerve fibers. The thicker an axon is, the more quickly an action potential will travel through it. Additionally, a myelin sheath functions as an insulator that also facilitates the rapid transmission of an action potential.
Question #44
Where is the ETC located in bacteria?
- A . mitochondria
- B . Golgi apparatus
- C . peroxisome
- D . plasma membrane
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
Eukaryotes house the ETC in their mitochondria, but bacteria, which are prokaryotic, do not possess mitochondria or organelles. The ETC in prokaryotic bacteria is located along the cell membrane.
D
Explanation:
Eukaryotes house the ETC in their mitochondria, but bacteria, which are prokaryotic, do not possess mitochondria or organelles. The ETC in prokaryotic bacteria is located along the cell membrane.
Question #45
Which of the following is NOT made by the pituitary gland?
- A . ACTH
- B . ADH
- C . FSH
- D . LH
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
The list of hormones made by the pituitary gland can be recalled with the mnemonic FLATPOG, signifying: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone), and prolactin. ADH is made by the hypothalamus and is only secreted by the posterior pituitary.
B
Explanation:
The list of hormones made by the pituitary gland can be recalled with the mnemonic FLATPOG, signifying: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone), and prolactin. ADH is made by the hypothalamus and is only secreted by the posterior pituitary.
Question #46
Which of the following is found in the plasma membrane of a cell?
- A . phospholipid
- B . glycoprotein
- C . cholesterol
- D . all of the above
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
The plasma membrane of a cell is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, a double layer of lipids combined with phosphate groups. The hydrophilic nature of the phosphate heads and the hydrophobic nature of the lipids create a double-sided membrane with phosphates on both sides and lipids trapped between. Cholesterol and glycoprotein molecules are embedded inside the phospholipid bilayers.
D
Explanation:
The plasma membrane of a cell is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, a double layer of lipids combined with phosphate groups. The hydrophilic nature of the phosphate heads and the hydrophobic nature of the lipids create a double-sided membrane with phosphates on both sides and lipids trapped between. Cholesterol and glycoprotein molecules are embedded inside the phospholipid bilayers.
Question #47
Which of the following should be added to denature a protein all the way back to primary structure?
- A . reducing agent
- B . oxidizing agent
- C . water
- D . ether
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
In order to denature proteins to their primary structure, a reducing agent is necessary to cleave the disulfide bonds in protein’s secondary structure.
A
Explanation:
In order to denature proteins to their primary structure, a reducing agent is necessary to cleave the disulfide bonds in protein’s secondary structure.
Question #48
What is the role of a nurse cell?
- A . secrete testosterone
- B . secrete sperm
- C . nurture maturing red blood cells
- D . activate sperm motility
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
Nurse cells aid in the maturation of red blood cells. They are macrophages that absorb immature red blood cells and facilitate the growth of red blood cells.
C
Explanation:
Nurse cells aid in the maturation of red blood cells. They are macrophages that absorb immature red blood cells and facilitate the growth of red blood cells.
Question #49
The breakdown of a disaccharide releases energy which is stored as ATP. This is an example of a(n):
- A . Thermodynamic reaction
- B . Exothermic reaction
- C . Combination reaction
- D . Replacement reaction
- E . Endothermic reaction
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
An exothermic reaction releases energy, whereas an endothermic reaction requires energy. The breakdown of a chemical compound is an example of a decomposition reaction (AB C> A + B). A combination reaction (A + B C> AB) is the reverse of a decomposition reaction, and a replacement (displacement) reaction is one where compound breaks apart and forms a new compound plus a free reactant (AB + C C>AC + B or AB + CD C> AD + CB).
B
Explanation:
An exothermic reaction releases energy, whereas an endothermic reaction requires energy. The breakdown of a chemical compound is an example of a decomposition reaction (AB C> A + B). A combination reaction (A + B C> AB) is the reverse of a decomposition reaction, and a replacement (displacement) reaction is one where compound breaks apart and forms a new compound plus a free reactant (AB + C C>AC + B or AB + CD C> AD + CB).
Question #50
Which of the following molecules is thought to have acted as the first enzyme in early life on earth?
- A . Protein
- B . RNA
- C . Triglycerides
- D . Phospholipids
- E . DNA
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
Some RNA molecules in extant organisms have enzymatic activity; for example, the formation of peptide bonds on ribosomes is catalyzed by an RNA molecule. This and other information have led scientists to believe that the most likely molecules to first demonstrate enzymatic activity were RNA molecules.
B
Explanation:
Some RNA molecules in extant organisms have enzymatic activity; for example, the formation of peptide bonds on ribosomes is catalyzed by an RNA molecule. This and other information have led scientists to believe that the most likely molecules to first demonstrate enzymatic activity were RNA molecules.
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