Why do self etch bonding systems tend to have less post operative sensitivity?
- A . Self etch bonding does not remove the smear layer but modifies it, leaving the smear plugs intact
- B . Self etch products remove & replace the smear layer
- C . Self etch bonding removes collagen fibrils and replaces them with resin plugs
- D . Self etch systems etch and bond simultaneously
In restoring multiple anterior teeth with ceramic restorations, the desired incisal plane can BEST be communicated to the laboratory by:
- A . Paralleling the incisal edges of the preparations.
- B . Indicating the incisal plane on the diagnostic cast.
- C . Including the patient’s photograph with the lab prescription.
- D . Paralleling the unprepared mandibular incisal plane.
There is a direct relationship between the f-stop and depth of field.
Which is correct?
- A . Larger f-stop, larger depth of field
- B . Larger f-stop, smaller depth of field
- C . F-stop equals depth of field
- D . F-stop decreases depth of field
What is the BEST property of condensible composites?
- A . Lower filler content to allow lateral and vertical flow ensuring intimate contact
- B . Less stickiness and stiffer consistency and have a wear ratio similar to amalgam
- C . A filler loading of fibrous, porous, or irregular particles, and a filler percentage of 40% to 50% filled
- D . Clinical evidence of strength and polymerization shrinkage superior to conventional composites
A patient would like to brighten her smile in addition to restoring her missing tooth #8. however, she is not interested in dental implants. She would also like to close the spaces between her existing teeth. Unfortunately, due to financial concerns she can only restore teeth ##7-10.
Reviewing the photograph above, how would you achieve golden proportion?
- A . Fabricating a three-unit bridge and a single veneer on tooth #10 will easily achieve golden proportion
- B . In office bleaching along with direct bonding on teeth ##7, 9, and 10, and a Maryland bridge to replace tooth #8 will easily achieve golden proportion
- C . Direct resin bonding in conjunction with a removable partial denture will achieve golden proportion
- D . It is impossible to achieve golden proportion unless more teeth are restored
Which of the following anatomical characteristics regarding the lips is correct?
- A . Lip morphology has little to do with bones and teeth
- B . Lips plump and drop with aging
- C . The philtrum of the lip is an accurate anatomical guide to the center of the face
- D . As one ages, the philtrum of the lip becomes more dominant
With acetone based adhesive systems, the strength of adhesion to dentin after etching with phosphoric acid can be increased by:
- A . Removing the smear layer to eliminate all surface debris.
- B . Drying the dentin completely.
- C . Treating the dentin with 10% NaOCI (sodium hypochlorite) and keeping it moist.
- D . Keeping the dentin moist.
Which of the following would be the main advantage of utilizing a layering technique with composite resin in restoring a disto-occlusal Class II restoration?
- A . Higher degree of polymerization and lower degree of tooth sensitivity
- B . Higher sheer strength and wear resistance
- C . Higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity
- D . Better compressive strength
At home bleaching treatments are MOST effective for:
- A . Treatment of mild tetracycline discoloration.
- B . Treatment of trauma induced staining.
- C . Age-related discoloration.
- D . Mild to dark surface staining.
When determining the shade of a tooth, once the tooth becomes desiccated, it:
- A . Decreases in value.
- B . Becomes more translucent.
- C . Increases in value.
- D . Increases in chroma.
When selecting a shade, the proper indoor lighting is:
- A . Incandescent.
- B . Standard fluorescent.
- C . Color corrected fluorescent.
- D . Halogen.
When etching ceramic, proper results:
- A . Can be accomplished equally using either hydroflouric acid or aciduated phosporous fluoride.
- B . Require specific instructions for each brand of ceramic.
- C . Yield a more translucent porcelain that is more amenable to shade modification.
- D . Are accomplished with a 37% Phosphoric acid gel applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Which of the following has been shown to increase the incidence of postoperative sensitivity?
- A . Residual bacteria on the preparation surface
- B . Excessive agitation of the primer
- C . Rewetting instruments with unfilled resin
- D . Use of chlorhexidine as a rewetting agent
Which of the following BEST describes hue?
- A . Relates the color to a gray scale
- B . Varying wavelengths of radiant energy
- C . Color intensity
- D . Relates the color to a yellow scale
Facial midlines coincide with dental midlines in approximately what percentage of people?
- A . 30%
- B . 50%
- C . 70%
- D . 90%
Central dominance in dental composition can be increased by:
- A . Narrowing the line angles.
- B . Reducing the vertical dimension.
- C . Closing the diastema at mid-line.
- D . Lowering the value.
Prior to impression making, which of the following products is appropriate for hemostasis?
- A . Chlorhexidine
- B . Hydrogen peroxide
- C . Aluminum chloride
- D . Glutaraldehyde
In occlusal equilibration, which of the following BEST describes the proper considerations for treatment?
- A . Correct the anterior guidance prior to eliminating interferences to centric relation
- B . Eliminate interferences to centric relation prior to any correction of anterior guidance
- C . Flatten posterior inclines to allow for bilateral balancing of excursive forces
- D . Reduce posterior cusps prior to reshaping fossa
When viewing the maxillary six anterior teeth in a frontal view, the ideal gingival zenith for these six teeth can BEST be described by which following statement?
- A . The gingival zenith is at the midpoint of each of the maxillary six anteriors
- B . Distal to the long access of the cuspids and along the long access of the centrals and laterals
- C . Sistal to the long axis of the centrals and cuspids and along the long axis of the laterals
- D . The gingival zenith is distal to the long axis of all maxillary six anterior teeth
When one attempts to clinically shade match a restoration to the existing dentition, which of the following is MOST correct?
- A . Take photographs outside in direct sunlight
- B . Select value in overcast daylight or shade
- C . Light source is non-contributory
- D . Use a blue patient drape for color correction
Fluorescence as it relates to teeth is:
- A . Generally observed in the blue/green spectrum.
- B . The absorption and spontaneous emission of light.
- C . The scattering of transmitted light.
- D . Most often evident at incisal edges of incisors.
How can a tooth that is too wide be made to look more narrow?
- A . Move the line angles laterally
- B . Increase the facial embrasures
- C . Move the proximal contacts labially
- D . Highlight the texture with horizontal lines
The teeth that typically exhibit the greatest variation in symmetry with the contralateral teeth are the maxillary:
- A . Central incisors.
- B . Lateral incisors.
- C . Canines.
- D . First bicuspids.
In order to provide enough space for tissue health, the minimal distance from the alveolar crest to the ovate pontic needs to be:
- A . 1.0 mm.
- B . 2.0 mm.
- C . 3.0 mm.
- D . 4.0 mm.
The long axis of a tooth inclines distally in the inciso-apical direction.
Which of the following is also true?
- A . Inclination increases from incisors to cuspids
- B . Inclination decreases from incisors to cuspids
- C . Inclination is constant from incisors to cuspids
- D . Inclination decreases from centrals to laterals and increases from laterals to cuspids
What minimum distance is needed between an implant and the root of a tooth in order to keep the tooth’s bony attachment intact and prevent horizontal bone loss?
- A . mm
- B . mm
- C . mm
- D . mm
Which of the following is correct concerning tooth preparation for diastema closure with bonded porcelain restorations?
- A . Keep all margins supragingival or equigingival
- B . Full crown preparations are best used to close spaces
- C . Subgingival interdental margins will allow for improved emergence profiles
- D . Mini-wings must always be used to close a black triangle interdentally
Dermal matrix grafting possesses distinct advantages over palatal connective tissue.
Why?
- A . The palate is a poor donor site for connective tissue
- B . Single teeth can be treated in one visit
- C . Unlimited amounts of donor tissue are available
- D . The palatal donor tissue is abundant but of poor quality for grafting
What is the BEST property of condensible composites?
- A . Lower filler content to allow lateral and vertical flow ensuring intimate contact
- B . Less stickiness and stiffer consistency and have a wear ratio similar to amalgam
- C . A filler loading of fibrous, porous, or irregular particles, and a filler percentage of 40% to 50% filled
- D . Clinical evidence of strength and polymerization shrinkage superior to conventional composites
A white opacity near the incisal one-third of a permanent incisor is MOST likely the result of what?
- A . Ingestion of excessive fluoride by the patient’s mother during pregnancy
- B . Ingestion of excessive fluoride by the patient at the age of 1 – 3 years
- C . Antibiotic therapy by mother during pregnancy
- D . Trauma or infection of the patient’s deciduous incisor
The mucogingival esthetic problem which currently has the worst prognosis for successful correction is what?
- A . Buccal root recession
- B . Thin attached gingival tissue
- C . Loss of interdental papilla
- D . Localized alveolar ridge defect
When utilizing an acellular dermal matrix as a graft material in covering exposed root surfaces, which of the following is BEST to completely cover the area?
- A . An envelope flap
- B . A double papillae graft
- C . A free gingival graft
- D . A coronally positioned flap
When preparing for posterior porcelain to zirconia crown, the recommended occlusal reduction should be:
- A . 1.0 mm.
- B . 1.5 mm.
- C . 2.0 mm.
- D . 2.5 mm.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of subepithelial connective tissue (CT) grafting?
- A . Tissue and color blend
- B . Primary closure of the donor site
- C . Two surgical sites
- D . Change in amount of keratinized tissue
A patient presents with an endodontically treated tooth fractured subgingivally within 2.0 mm of the crestal bone.
Considering this, the MOST appropriate treatment would be to:
- A . Prepare the tooth no more than 2.0 mm from the crestal bone.
- B . Place a post, core, and full-coverage restoration.
- C . Adjust the gingival height of the fractured tooth and the adjacent teeth.
- D . Erupt orthodontically, complete fiberotomy, and restore.
How is tissue guidance for implants BEST accomplished?
- A . By placing an over-sized healing abutment following second stage surgery
- B . By placing an anatomically correct screw retained provisional following second stage surgery
- C . By placing an over-sized healing abutment four to six weeks after second stage surgery
- D . By placing an anatomically correct removable provisional four to six weeks after second stage surgery
Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) can BEST be accomplished using:
- A . freeze-dried bone allograft without a barrier.
- B . autogenous bone with a barrier.
- C . mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft.
- D . mineralized freeze-dried bone with a barrier.
When a connective tissue graft is placed over an anterior implant site, it is BEST to:
- A . use a stayplate or a "flipper" as a temporary to direct healing.
- B . bond a temporary tooth to the adjacent teeth to keep pressure off the site.
- C . place the permanent restoration as fast as possible.
- D . prepare a fixed temporary to develop proper tissue contour.
In comparing the use of electrosurgery lasers, and scalpels to achieve the desired gingival modification around implants:
- A . scalpels are safe, provide minimal hemostasis, and the least amount of gingival recession following surgery.
- B . electrosurgery units are safe, provide excellent hemostasis, and the least amount of gingival recession following surgery.
- C . scalpels are safe, provide excellent hemostasis, and the least amount of gingival recession following surgery.
- D . lasers are safe, provide excellent hemostasis, and the least amount of gingival recession following surgery.
Ridge collapse following extraction is likely to create which of the following types of defect?
- A . Apico-coronal
- B . Buccolingual
- C . Both apico-coronal and buccolingual
- D . Tissue loss
On average, the distance from the base of the gingival sulcus to the alveolar bone is:
- A . 2.0 mm.
- B . 3.0 mm.
- C . 4.0 mm.
- D . 5.0 mm.
The avoidance of open cervical embrasures can BEST be achieved by placing the interproximal contact points relative to the interproximal:
- A . margins
- B . bone
- C . papilla height
- D . sulcus base
What does platform switching describe?
- A . A reduced offset of the diameter of the abutment to the diameter of the implant
- B . An increased offset of the diameter of the abutment to the diameter of the implant
- C . The contours of the final crown over the implant
- D . The bone level of the adjacent teeth
Which type of restoration will increase its micromechanical retention after etching with hydrofluoric acid?
- A . Press-on metal
- B . Alumina-procera
- C . Lithium disilicate glass
- D . Zirconia dioxide
Most occlusal splints have one primary function; what is it?
- A . To alter an occlusion so it does not interfere with complete seating of the condyles in centric relation
- B . To increase the vertical dimension, taking all the loading forces off the TMJs and transferring the load to the teeth
- C . To relieve symptoms of orofacial pain since direct occlusal equilibrium does not have the same potential for the relief of symptoms
- D . To avoid having to remove any tooth structure by equilibrating the teeth to perfect the occlusion
What is the principal determinant of posterior occlusal form?
- A . Elevator muscles
- B . Vertical dimension
- C . Anterior guidance
- D . Lateral excursions
Functional occlusion is influenced by side shift as follows: the greater the side shift, the restoration fabricated should exhibit:
- A . Wider cusps on posterior teeth.
- B . Longer cusps on posterior teeth.
- C . Wider fossas and marginal ridges.
- D . Improved strength to withstand balancing interferences.
In what position of the TMJ can the mandible accept firm compressive loading with no signs of tenderness or tension?
- A . Centric relation
- B . Centric occlusion
- C . Lateral excursion
- D . Maximum opening
When using dual-cured resin cements, the use of light activated curing is:
- A . unnecessary as the self-curing mechanism results in maximum polymerization
- B . mainly advantageous to speed the clean-up process.
- C . necessary to obtain maximum degree of polymerization
- D . helpful in color stabilization
Maxillary anterior tooth length can be evaluated using which of the following phonetic guidelines:
- A . "S" sounds can be utilized to determine length relative to the vermilion border of the lower lip.
- B . "F" sounds can be utilized to determine length relative to the lower incisors.
- C . "E" sounds can be utilized to determine length relative to the midway point between the upper and lower lips.
- D . "M" sounds can be utilized to determine length relative to lower incisors.
During proper articulation of the "S" sound, which of the following BEST describes the relationship of the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular incisors for the majority of patients?
- A . Maxillary and mandibular incisors lightly touch each other
- B . Maxillary and mandibular incisors closely approximate each other
- C . Incisal edges lightly rest on the superior and anterior borders of the tongue
- D . Incisal edges may be in a variety of relationships depending on the individual
Which of the following USUALLY characterizes a patient who has a short adult ramus with normal posterior tooth development?
- A . An excess display of mandibular incisors
- B . Decreased anterior facial height
- C . An anterior open bite
- D . Minimum display of maxillary gingiva
Which of the following can aid in reliably achieving centric relation?
- A . Stereographic tracing
- B . Posterior retruded positioning
- C . Bilateral manipulation
- D . Trisected angle gnathologic recording
As the angle of the eminentia increases, the:
- A . Lingual concavity of a maxillary anterior restoration should increase.
- B . Lingual concavity of a maxillary anterior restoration should remain the same.
- C . Cusp length of a posterior restoration may increase.
- D . Cusp length of a posterior restoration should remain the same.
The "white line" which shows up occasionally when finishing a composite restoration between the restoration and tooth structure is caused by what?
- A . The inherent optical properties of composite which naturally create a halo effect around the margin
- B . Overheating the composite during the finishing process
- C . Polymerization shrinkage, which tears the composite at the margin with the tooth
- D . Uncured resin that turns white in color during polishing
When marked with articulating paper, a perfected occlusion will result in which pattern on the maxillary teeth?
- A . Lines on anterior teeth, lines on posterior teeth
- B . Dots on anterior teeth, dots on posterior teeth
- C . Lines on anterior teeth, dots on posterior teeth
- D . Dots on anterior teeth, lines on posterior teeth
Following tray bleaching, the recommended delay before initiating composite bonding is how long?
- A . Three days
- B . One week
- C . One month
- D . Six weeks
The process of directing occlusal forces through the long axis of the teeth is known as axial:
- A . Dissipation
- B . Alignment
- C . Tripodization
- D . Loading