Which of the following is an important consideration when configuring BFD?
- A . Setting a very high multiplier to avoid false positives
- B . Using the same BFD interval on all devices in the network
- C . Adjusting the BFD interval and multiplier according to network needs
- D . Disabling all other failure detection mechanisms
In the context of Layer 2 switching, what does RSTP stand for?
- A . Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
- B . Routing Switch Transport Protocol
- C . Redundant Switching Tree Protocol
- D . Resilient Switching Transport Protocol
What is the default route preference for a static route on a Junos device?
- A . 130
- B . 15
- C . 10
- D . 5
Which statement is correct about a five-stage IP fabric topology?
- A . There is a maximum of five hops between any end-devices
- B . They are commonly referred to as interconnected data centers
- C . There is a maximum of three hops between any end-devices
- D . They are typically deployed in small to medium data centers
What is the primary purpose of using aggregate routes in a network?
- A . To dynamically adjust to network changes
- B . To summarize and reduce the number of routes in the routing table
- C . To filter unwanted traffic
- D . To statically define a route to a specific destination
In the context of data center networking, what is the primary purpose of an Underlay Network?
- A . To provide a physical infrastructure for an Overlay Network.
- B . To handle external network connections exclusively.
- C . To facilitate virtual machine migrations.
- D . To encrypt data traffic between servers.
What is the primary difference between IBGP and EBGP?
- A . The way they advertise routes
- B . The administrative distance
- C . The use of AS_PATH attribute
- D . The requirement for a full mesh topology
What is an advantage of using BFD?
- A . BFD is so lightweight that each protocol will generate its own unique BFD session by default, to replace its own hello messages.
- B . BFD built to handle the routing table of the entire Internet, and can safely redistribute it into OSPF.
- C . One BFD monitoring session can be used by multiple protocols.
- D . BFD is built to handle the routing table of the entire Internet, unlike IGPS.
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is primarily used for:
- A . Encrypting data packets
- B . Detecting slow links in the network
- C . Quick failure detection in forwarding paths
- D . Aggregating multiple links
What is the function of the ‘Weight’ attribute in BGP, and where is it used in the route selection process?
- A . It is used to prioritize routes received from different EBGP peers and is considered before the AS_PATH attribute.
- B . It determines the stability of a route and is checked after the Local Preference attribute.
- C . It is a Cisco-specific attribute used to prefer paths from one BGP speaker over another, evaluated before the Local Preference.
- D . It is used to balance load among multiple links and is considered after the MED attribute.
VLANs help in reducing which of the following? (Choose two)
- A . Collision domains
- B . Broadcast domains
- C . Routing complexity
- D . Encryption requirements
In the Junos OS, what is the default behavior of a switch when it receives a frame with an unknown destination MAC address?
- A . It discards the frame.
- B . It floods the frame out of all ports except the one it was received on.
- C . It sends the frame to its default gateway.
- D . It buffers the frame until the MAC address can be learned.
Which of the following BGP attributes is considered first in the route selection process?
- A . Local Preference
- B . AS Path Length
- C . Origin
- D . MED
When troubleshooting issues with static routes, what is a key factor to check first?
- A . If the routing table has enough memory
- B . The correctness of the specified next-hop addresses
- C . The speed of the router’s CPU
- D . The number of aggregate routes configured
What is the main advantage of using an Overlay Network in a data center?
- A . It simplifies physical network design by allowing multiple virtual topologies over it.
- B . It replaces the need for physical network infrastructure.
- C . It offers higher physical bandwidth capacity.
- D . It provides direct Internet access to applications.
What are the different OSPF area types? (Choose two)
- A . Stub Area
- B . Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA)
- C . Default-Free Zone
- D . Virtual Link Area
In OSPF, what is the function of the Link-State Database (LSDB)?
- A . To store OSPF routing tables.
- B . To maintain a list of OSPF neighbors.
- C . To keep the topology structure of the network.
- D . To log changes in network topology.
What are two characteristics of a typical EBGP underlay fabric? (Choose two.)
- A . Each device in an EBGP fabric will be configured in its own unique private AS.
- B . Each device in an EBGP fabric will be configured to be part of the same private AS.
- C . An EBGP fabric relies on an IGP to advertise loopback IPs.
- D . An EBGP fabric does not require an IGP to advertise loopback IPs.
Referring to the exhibit, how many broadcast domains are present in the topology?
- A . 0
- B . 1
- C . 2
- D . 3
How can OSPF be configured to prefer one route over another?
- A . By setting a higher cost on the preferred route.
- B . By configuring route redistribution.
- C . By adjusting interface bandwidth.
- D . By setting a lower cost on the preferred route.
In the context of protocol-independent routing, what is the main difference between static and generated routes?
- A . Static routes require manual configuration, while generated routes are created dynamically.
- B . Static routes are used for load balancing, while generated routes are not.
- C . Generated routes support summarization, while static routes do not.
- D . Generated routes are manually configured, while static routes are automatically created.
Which LSA types are associated with OSPF? (Choose three)
- A . Router LSA (Type 1)
- B . Network LSA (Type 2)
- C . Summary LSA (Type 3)
- D . External LSA (Type 5)
Referring to the exhibit, which statement is correct?
- A . The ge-0/0/0 interface has been explicitly assigned to a VLAN named default.
- B . The default VLAN is a user defined VLAN name.
- C . The asterisk indicates that the interface is active.
- D . The ge-0/0/12 interfaces is an access port.
Which of the following is a key benefit of implementing High Availability (HA) in a network?
- A . Reduced network security
- B . Increased network downtime
- C . Enhanced data redundancy
- D . Slower data recovery
In OSPF, which command is commonly used to monitor neighbor relationships?
- A . show ip ospf neighbors
- B . show ospf database
- C . show ip route ospf
- D . show ospf interfaces
What protocol and port does BGP use for control plane communication?
- A . protocol TCP, port 179
- B . protocol UDP, port 179
- C . protocol TCP, port 159
- D . protocol UDP, port 159
Referring to the exhibit, how many milliseconds will pass before the BGP neighbor is considered dead?
- A . 1000ms
- B . 9000ms
- C . 2000ms
- D . 3000ms
What is the purpose of using route reflectors in BGP?
- A . To encrypt BGP messages
- B . To reduce the number of required IBGP sessions in a network
- C . To increase the speed of BGP convergence
- D . To automatically select the best route
What does the “qualified-next-hop” feature do when configuring a static route?
- A . It allows you to specify an independent route preference value for an additional next hop.
- B . It specifies the IP address of the directly connected device.
- C . It instructs the device to verify the next-hop is reachable before activating the route.
- D . It instructs the device to looks up a static route’s next-hop that is not directly connected.
In the context of Ethernet bridging on Junos devices, what is the purpose of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?
- A . To prevent routing loops.
- B . To provide a mechanism for VLAN tagging.
- C . To prevent Layer 2 switching loops.
- D . To filter MAC addresses.
Which statement is correct about the OSPF link-state database?
- A . Each router within the same area must maintain a unique copy of the link-state database.
- B . Each router within the same area must maintain an identical copy of the link-state database.
- C . Each router within the OSPF domain must maintain a unique copy of the link-state database.
- D . Each router within the OSPF domain must maintain an identical copy of the link-state database.
In a Spine/Leaf IP-Fabric architecture, what is the primary role of the leaf switches?
- A . To provide direct connectivity to servers.
- B . To interconnect different data centers.
- C . To perform deep packet inspection.
- D . To manage the overall data center network.
What is the primary function of a VLAN?
- A . To encrypt network traffic.
- B . To provide a routing mechanism between different networks.
- C . To segment a network into multiple broadcast domains.
- D . To control network traffic based on MAC addresses.
What roles do the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) play in OSPF?
- A . They redistribute routes between OSPF and non-OSPF networks.
- B . They are responsible for generating LSAs for external routes.
- C . They reduce the number of adjacencies on broadcast networks.
- D . They determine the shortest path first algorithm.
Which two statements are correct about BGP? (Choose two.)
- A . IBGP peers do not advertise routes learned from IBGP peers to other IBGP peers.
- B . EBGP uses the AS path to avoid loops.
- C . IBGP sessions are typically established between physical router interfaces.
- D . EBGP sessions are typically established between router loopback interfaces.
Which of the following are correct about OSPF router ID selection? (Choose two)
- A . It can be manually configured.
- B . It is chosen based on the highest IP address of any active interface by default.
- C . It is always the IP address of the loopback interface.
- D . It is selected based on the lowest MAC address.
EVPN/VXLAN is primarily used in modern data centers to:
- A . Increase the physical distance between data centers.
- B . Provide Layer 2 connectivity over a Layer 3 network.
- C . Replace traditional routing protocols.
- D . Enhance the physical security of the data center.
With regards to graceful restart, which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
- A . A supported routing protocol, such as BGP, must be operational for graceful restart to work.
- B . NSR must be enabled for graceful restart to work.
- C . Dual routing engines are required for graceful restart to work.
- D . The network topology must be stable for graceful restart to work.
Which command on a router is used to view the current routing table?
- A . show routing-table
- B . show route
- C . display ip routing-table
- D . check route information
What does filter-based forwarding in networking typically allow?
- A . Forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses
- B . Load balancing across multiple CPUs
- C . Routing decisions based on extended criteria like packet headers
- D . Aggregation of multiple routes into a single entry
In troubleshooting a Virtual Chassis setup, what is a common issue to look for?
- A . Incompatible software versions between member switches
- B . Too many switches in a single Virtual Chassis configuration
- C . Use of copper cables for inter-switch connections
- D . Activation of all ports for Virtual Chassis connections
In OSPF, which term refers to routers that have interfaces in multiple areas?
- A . Internal Routers
- B . Backbone Routers
- C . Area Border Routers (ABRs)
- D . Autonomous System Boundary Routers (ASBRs)
Which of the following are true about Layer 2 and Layer 3 strategies in data center architectures? (Choose two)
- A . Layer 2 strategies are typically used for creating large, flat networks.
- B . Layer 3 strategies cannot be used in conjunction with Layer 2 environments.
- C . Layer 3 strategies help in reducing broadcast domains.
- D . Layer 2 strategies are primarily used for inter-data center connectivity.
When configuring static routes, which command is typically used?
- A . set protocols static route
- B . set route aggregate
- C . set firewall filter
- D . set routing-options rib-groups
Which Junos operational mode command is used to troubleshoot issues with VLANs?
- A . show vlans
- B . monitor traffic
- C . show ethernet-switching table
- D . show interfaces
Which two statements are correct about aggregated Ethernet bundles? (Choose two.)
- A . You must enable the chassis to support aggregated Ethernet interfaces.
- B . You must purchase a services license for the chassis to support aggregate Ethernet interfaces.
- C . You must specify which interfaces are members of a specific aggregated Ethernet bundle.
- D . You must enable LACP when configuring aggregated Ethernet bundles.
Referring to the exhibit, what needs to be done to make this a valid IP fabric?
- A . Remove the connection between the leaf nodes
- B . Remove one of the redundant links between a leaf node and a spine node
- C . Add two connections between the spine nodes
- D . Add a connection between the spine nodes
What is the main advantage of using MACsec?
- A . It increases the speed of the network.
- B . It provides Layer 2 encryption for data confidentiality and integrity.
- C . It creates multiple virtual networks over a single physical infrastructure.
- D . It allows for the use of longer cable runs.
When configuring BGP, which command is commonly used to define a BGP neighbor?
- A . bgp set neighbor
- B . neighbor <IP_ADDRESS> remote-as <AS_NUMBER>
- C . set bgp peer
- D . add bgp connection
What is the first route selection mechanism for IBGP?
- A . as path
- B . MED
- C . local preference
- D . origin
What happens if a frame with a known destination MAC address enters a switch?
- A . The egress PFE performs a MAC address lookup and determines the ingress PFE and port.
- B . The ingress PFE sends the header information to the RE.
- C . The ingress PFE performs a MAC address lookup and determines the egress PFE and port.
- D . The MAC address is added to the bridge table.
Which statement is correct about OSPF?
- A . OSPF is link-state protocol
- B . OSPF is a path-vector protocol
- C . OSPF is a distance-vector protocol
- D . OSPF is a device-state protocol
How does VLAN tagging benefit network segmentation?
- A . By encrypting data traffic between VLANs.
- B . By ensuring the same IP address range can be used in different VLANs.
- C . By enabling the identification and separation of traffic belonging to different VLANs.
- D . By providing a backup path for data in case of link failure.
In networking, what is a RIB group primarily used for?
- A . To balance the load across multiple links
- B . To filter routes based on specific criteria
- C . To group multiple Routing Information Bases together for a common purpose
- D . To dynamically generate routing entries
Fill in the blank: In BGP, a route received from an ___________ peer will not be advertised to another ___________ peer by default.
- A . IBGP, IBGP
- B . EBGP, EBGP
- C . EBGP, IBGP
- D . Static, Dynamic
Which of the following are true regarding port modes in a VLAN setup? (Choose two)
- A . An access port can carry traffic for multiple VLANs.
- B . A trunk port can carry traffic for multiple VLANs.
- C . An access port carries traffic only for a single VLAN.
- D . A trunk port is used exclusively for inter-switch links.
What is a VLAN?
- A . A local network using only virtual machines
- B . A broadcast domain, identified by a VLAN ID
- C . A multicast domain, identified by a VLAN ID
- D . A broadcast domain, using only virtual machines
How does a layer 2 switch populate its bridge table?
- A . It stores the protocol number of frames traversing the network.
- B . It stores both the source and destination MAC addresses of frames traversing the network.
- C . It stores the destination MAC address of frames traversing the network.
- D . It stores the source MAC address of frames traversing the network.
Which two prefixes are contributing routes to a 10.20.0.0/18 aggregate route? (Choose two)
- A . 10.20.0.0/24
- B . 10.20.60.0/23
- C . 10.20.0.0/16
- D . 10.20.100.0/24
Under which Junos hierarchy is a static route configured?
- A . system
- B . routing-instances
- C . routing-options
- D . protocols
What is the primary purpose of using static routes in a network?
- A . To automatically adjust routes based on network traffic
- B . To provide a manually configured routing entry
- C . To aggregate multiple routes into one
- D . To generate routing entries dynamically
In a Virtual Chassis configuration, which of the following is true?
- A . It allows physical stacking of switches that are geographically dispersed.
- B . It reduces the operational complexity of managing multiple switches.
- C . It decreases network redundancy and reliability.
- D . Only two switches can be connected in a Virtual Chassis setup.
In a traditional multi-tier architecture, which layer is responsible for aggregating access layers and providing connectivity to the core layer?
- A . Core Layer
- B . Distribution Layer
- C . Access Layer
- D . Edge Layer
In the context of Link Aggregation Groups (LAG), what is the primary purpose of LACP?
- A . To provide a method for encrypting data packets
- B . To dynamically manage the bundling of several physical ports
- C . To reduce the speed of data transfer
- D . To increase the error rate in data transmission
What is the primary purpose of MAC address filtering on a switch?
- A . To control the flow of encrypted data.
- B . To limit the rate of incoming packets.
- C . To prevent unauthorized devices from accessing the network.
- D . To distribute traffic evenly across multiple links.
In Ethernet switching, what is the primary function of a storm control policy?
- A . To prevent loops in the network.
- B . To restrict the rate of certain types of traffic.
- C . To filter MAC addresses.
- D . To segregate broadcast domains.
What is the primary role of an IRB interface in a VLAN configuration?
- A . To provide a gateway for VLAN traffic.
- B . To encrypt VLAN traffic.
- C . To prioritize VLAN traffic.
- D . To filter VLAN traffic based on MAC addresses.
Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
- A . The configuration will not pass the commit check.
- B . The BGP group is configured to attempt an EBGP peering session with 192.168.100.2.
- C . The configuration will pass the commit check.
- D . The BGP group is configured to attempt an EBGP peering session with 192.168.100.1.
Filter-based forwarding is typically used to:
- A . Increase the security of the routing process.
- B . Implement policy-based routing decisions.
- C . Optimize the routing table size.
- D . Automatically generate routing entries.
Which two statements describe an OSPF ABR? (Choose two.)
- A . By default, an ABR does not need to have any links in the backbone area.
- B . By default, an ABR is an OSPF router with links in two areas.
- C . By default, an ABR is an OSPF router with all of its links in one area.
- D . By default, an ABR must have one link in the OSPF backbone area.