Juniper JN0-223 Automation and DevOps, Associate (JNCIA-DevOps) Online Training

Question #1

Which statement is correct about DevOps?

A . DevOps is a collection of strict guidelines that promotes the project completion over all other aspects.
B . DevOps is meant to define and restrict the development and operations tools used for a project.
C . DevOps is meant to unite the development, operations, and other teams to improve project collaborations.
D . DevOps is a defined standard written and maintained by the IEEE standards group.

Question #2

Which data construct is used to guarantee that element names and data values remain unique in an XML document?

A . element
B . schema definition
C . namespace
D . dictionary

Correct Answer: C
C

Explanation:

In XML documents, a namespace is the data construct used to ensure that element names and data values remain unique. Namespaces prevent naming conflicts by differentiating between elements or attributes that may have the same name but different meanings. This is particularly important in XML, where documents often incorporate elements from multiple sources.

Detailed Explanation

XML Namespaces: A namespace is a collection of names, identified by a URI reference, which is used to distinguish between elements that may have identical names but different definitions or origins. This helps avoid ambiguity in the document.

How Namespaces Work: When a namespace is applied, each element or attribute in the XML document is associated with a prefix. This prefix, combined with the namespace URI, ensures that the element or attribute is uniquely identified, even if another element or attribute in the same document has the same local name but a different namespace.

Schema Definition vs. Namespace: Although an XML schema definition (XSD) can define the structure and type constraints of an XML document, it does not guarantee uniqueness of element names across different XML documents. That role is fulfilled by namespaces.

Practical Example:

xml

Copy code

<root xmlns:ns1="http://www.example.com/ns1"

xmlns:ns2="http://www.example.com/ns2">

<ns1:item>Item in namespace 1</ns1:item>

<ns2:item>Item in namespace 2</ns2:item>

</root>

In this example, the item elements are in different namespaces (ns1 and ns2), which keeps them unique even though they have the same name.

Reference: Juniper Automation and DevOps Documentation: These practices highlight the importance of namespaces in XML documents to maintain the integrity and uniqueness of data, which is essential in automation scripts and configuration files.

W3C XML Namespace Specification: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard for XML Namespaces defines how namespaces should be used to avoid name conflicts.

Namespaces are a crucial concept in XML, ensuring that data can be consistently managed and

interpreted correctly, particularly in complex systems where multiple XML documents or schemas are involved.

Question #3

You are asked to develop an on-box Junos script that prevents deletion of the SNMP configuration.

Which type of script serves this purpose?

A . commit script
B . event script
C . op script
D . SNMP script

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Question #4

A REST API client uses which two HTTP methods to execute RPC requests on the server? (Choose two.)

A . POST
B . HEAD
C . GET
D . CONNECT

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Question #5

YAML uses which two data structures? (Choose two.)

A . arrays
B . mappings
C . sequences
D . objects

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Question #6

Junos supports which two APIs for on-box scripting? (Choose two.)

A . JET
B . Puppet
C . XML
D . Chef

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Question #7

Which two statements about NETCONF layers are correct? (Choose two.)

A . NETCONF layers use the messages layer to receive RPCs from a remote NETCONF server.
B . NETCONF layers use the messages layer to send RPCs to a remote NETCONF server.
C . NETCONF layers use the operations layer to receive RPCs from a remote NETCONF server.
D . NETCONF layers use the operations layer to send RPCs to a remote NETCONF server.

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Question #8

Which two tools would you use to make REST API requests? (Choose two.)

A . cURL
B . NETCOfJF
C . Web browser
D . SSH

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Question #9

Which DevOps "Three way" principle addresses technical debt?

A . feedback
B . flow
C . continuous experimentation and learning
D . continuous experimentation

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Correct Answer: A
A

Explanation:

In the context of the DevOps "Three Ways" principles, the feedback principle directly addresses the management of technical debt.

The "Three Ways" are core principles guiding DevOps practices, and they are as follows:

Flow: Refers to the smooth and fast flow of work through the system, from development to operations.

Feedback: Emphasizes creating effective, fast, and continuous feedback loops between teams to catch issues early, address technical debt, and ensure quality.

Continuous experimentation and learning: Encourages constant experimentation, innovation, and learning from failures to improve systems and processes over time.

Feedback and Technical Debt:

Feedback loops play a crucial role in addressing technical debt. Technical debt refers to the implied cost of additional work that arises when code or system design decisions are made for short-term gains, such as quick fixes or temporary patches. Over time, technical debt can accumulate and degrade system performance, reliability, and maintainability.

The feedback loop ensures that issues related to technical debt (such as poor code quality, design shortcuts, or performance bottlenecks) are caught early in the process, ideally before they become major problems. Continuous monitoring, testing, and reviewing help identify and resolve technical debt incrementally rather than letting it accumulate unchecked.

Automation in feedback loops: In DevOps, automated testing, continuous integration (CI), and monitoring tools provide immediate feedback to developers, highlighting areas where technical debt is increasing. This feedback is crucial for making proactive decisions about refactoring code or improving infrastructure without waiting for problems to manifest in production.

For instance, the feedback loop might expose slowdowns in application performance after each new feature is added. This would trigger a review to either refactor the feature code or improve system resources, preventing further technical debt accumulation.

Flow and Technical Debt:

While flow focuses on the smooth transition of work through the pipeline, it indirectly helps with technical debt by ensuring continuous and streamlined processes. However, feedback mechanisms are the primary tools for identifying and resolving technical debt.

Continuous Experimentation and Learning:

This principle promotes innovation and learning from failures but does not directly address technical

debt. The focus here is more on risk-taking and improvement rather than managing or eliminating technical debt.

Reference from DevOps Practices:

The Phoenix Project, a book often referenced in DevOps, discusses how feedback loops are essential for maintaining system integrity and managing technical debt effectively. By improving feedback mechanisms, teams can address small issues before they become costly to fix.

The DevOps Handbook also highlights the importance of feedback in managing technical debt, emphasizing that fast feedback allows for continuous improvement and avoids the accumulation of bad practices that would otherwise lead to technical debt.

Juniper Automation and DevOps Context: Juniper’s automation frameworks integrate feedback mechanisms using tools like continuous monitoring and automated testing. These tools help engineers track the health of network systems, identify configuration drifts, and resolve issues before they lead to significant technical debt.

Additional Resources:

The Phoenix Project by Gene Kim

The DevOps Handbook

Question #10

Which two processes are used by Junos automation? (Choose two.)

A . mod
B . jsd
C . ifd
D . kmd

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Juniper JN0-223 Automation and DevOps, Associate (JNCIA-DevOps) Online Training