ISTQB CTFL_Syll2018 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (Syllabus 2018) Online Training

Question #41

Send "reservation ready" message to a borrower

Which of the following test sequences represents a possible use case? (a test sequence always start with test #1)

A . 1-4-2-7-5-6-3
B . 1-6-2-5-7-4-3
C . 1-6-4-7-5-3-2
D . 1-2-6-7-4-5-3

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Correct Answer: D
D

Explanation:

A use case is a description of how a user interacts with a system to achieve a goal or perform a task. A use case typically consists of a sequence of steps or actions that the user and the system perform to complete the goal or task. A use case can be used as a basis for designing test cases that verify the functionality and usability of the system under test. A test sequence that represents a possible use case should follow the logical order and flow of the user-system interaction and cover the main scenario and possible variations or exceptions.

For example, based on the test cases given for a Library Management System, we can identify the following use cases: UC1:

Add a new borrower to the system

UC2: Update a borrower’s data

UC3: Remove a borrower from the system

UC4: Loan a book to a borrower

UC5: Return a book from a borrower

UC6: Reserve a book for a borrower

UC7: Send “reservation ready” message to a borrower

The test sequence that represents a possible use case is D. 1-2-6-7-4-5-3. This test sequence follows the logical order and flow of the user-system interaction and covers the main scenario and possible variations or exceptions.

For example:

TC1: Add a new borrower to the system -> This is the first step of the use case, where the user registers as a new borrower in the system.

TC2: Update a borrower’s data -> This is a possible variation of the use case, where the user updates their personal or contact information in the system.

TC6: Reserve a book for a borrower -> This is the second step of the use case, where the user reserves a book that they want to borrow from the library.

TC7: Send “reservation ready” message to a borrower -> This is the third step of the use case, where the system sends a message to the user informing them that their reserved book is ready for pickup. TC4: Loan a book to a borrower -> This is the fourth step of the use case, where the user picks up their reserved book from the library and loans it from the system.

TC5: Return a book from a borrower -> This is the fifth step of the use case, where the user returns their borrowed book to the library and returns it to the system.

TC3: Remove a borrower from the system -> This is a possible exception of the use case, where the user decides to cancel their membership and remove their account from the system.

The other test sequences do not represent possible use cases because they do not follow the logical order and flow of the user-system interaction or they do not cover the main scenario and possible variations or exceptions.

For example:

A: 1-4-2-7-5-6-3 -> This test sequence does not follow the logical order and flow of the user-system interaction because it performs some steps before or after they are supposed to happen. For example, it performs TC4 (Loan a book to a borrower) before TC6 (Reserve a book for a borrower), which does not make sense because the user cannot loan a book that they have not reserved yet.

B: 1-6-2-5-7-4-3 -> This test sequence does not follow the logical order and flow of the user-system interaction because it performs some steps before or after they are supposed to happen. For example, it performs TC5 (Return a book from a borrower) before TC4 (Loan a book to a borrower), which does not make sense because the user cannot return a book that they have not loaned yet.

C: 1-6-4-7-5-3-2 -> This test sequence does not cover the main scenario and possible variations or exceptions because it omits some steps that are essential for completing or terminating the use case. For example, it omits TC2 (Update a borrower’s data), which is a possible variation of the use case that allows the user to change their personal or contact information in the system.

You can find more information about use cases and test sequences in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.

Question #42

A money order system is designed to calculate the charge for a transfer

– Amounts from 1 to 1999 are charged EUR 10.

– Amounts from 2000 to 5000 are charged EUR 15

– Amounts below EUR 1 or above EUR 5000 are not accepted.

Assume that only integer values can occur.

Which of these sets of amounts covers all equivalence classes?

A . 0-1999-2000-5000
B . 1-2000-5001-10000
C . 0-100-2000-6000
D . 99-1- 2000- 4999,99

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Correct Answer: C
C

Explanation:

The requirement given in the image specifies the charge for a money transfer based on the amount of money transferred.

The amount can be anywhere from 1 to 5000 euros, with different charges applied for different ranges of amounts.

To test this requirement, we can use equivalence partitioning, which is a specification-based test technique that involves dividing the input or output values into groups or partitions that are expected to be treated in the same way by the system under test.

For example, based on the requirement, we can identify the following equivalence partitions for the input amount:

EP1: Amount < 1 (invalid)

EP2: 1 <= Amount <= 1999 (valid, charge = 10 euros)

EP3: 2000 <= Amount <= 5000 (valid, charge = 15 euros)

EP4: Amount > 5000 (invalid)

The set of amounts that covers all equivalence partitions is C. 0-100-2000-6000. This set of amounts includes one value from each equivalence partition and ensures that all possible scenarios are tested.

For example:

TC1: Amount = 0 -> Invalid input

TC2: Amount = 100 -> Valid input, charge = 10 euros

TC3: Amount = 2000 -> Valid input, charge = 15 euros

TC4: Amount = 6000 -> Invalid input

The other sets of amounts do not cover all equivalence partitions because they either include values that belong to the same partition or exclude values that belong to different partitions.

For example:

A: 0-1999-2000-5000 -> This set of amounts does not cover all equivalence partitions because it includes two values that belong to EP2 (1999 and 2000) and excludes any value that belongs to EP3.

B: 1-2000-5001-10000 -> This set of amounts does not cover all equivalence partitions because it includes two values that belong to EP4 (5001 and 10000) and excludes any value that belongs to EP2.

D: 99-1-2000-4999.99 -> This set of amounts does not cover all equivalence partitions because it includes a value that is not an integer (4999.99), which violates the assumption that only integer values can occur.

You can find more information about equivalence partitioning in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.

Question #43

The following incident report that was generated during test of a web application

What would you suggest as the most important report improvement?

Defect detected date: 15.8.2010

Defect detected by. Joe Smith

Test level System test

Test case Area 5/TC 98

Build version: 2011-16.2

Defect description After having filled out all required fields in screen 1,1 click ENTER to continue to screen 2. Nothing happens, no system response at all.

A . Add an impact analysis
B . Add information about which developer should fix the bug
C . Add the time stamp when the incident happened
D . Add information about which web browser was used

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Correct Answer: A
A

Explanation:

The most important report improvement is A. Add an impact analysis. An impact analysis is an assessment of how the defect affects the functionality, usability, performance, reliability, security, or other aspects of the system under test. An impact analysis can help prioritize and classify the defect based on its severity and urgency. An impact analysis can also help determine the root cause and possible solutions for the defect. An impact analysis is an essential part of a defect report because it provides useful information for decision-making and improvement processes.

The other report improvements are not as important as adding an impact analysis because they do not provide as much information or value for decision-making and improvement processes. For example:

B: Add information about which developer should fix the bug: This report improvement is not necessary because it is not part of the information that is required to describe, reproduce, and prioritize the defect. The assignment of developers to fix bugs is part of the defect management process, which involves assigning, tracking, resolving, and verifying defects.

C: Add the time stamp when the incident happened: This report improvement is not very useful because it does not provide much information about the cause or effect of the defect. The time stamp when the incident happened is only relevant if it is related to some external factors or events that could influence the behavior or performance of the system under test.

D: Add information about which web browser was used: This report improvement is not very relevant because it does not affect the functionality or usability of the system under test. The web browser used is only relevant if it is related to some compatibility or interoperability issues that could cause defects or failures in the system under test.

You can find more information about defect reports and impact analysis in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], Chapter 5.

Question #44

Which of the following statements is true?

A . Incident management tools are used by testers only
B . A configuration management tool has nothing to do with testing
C . Test management tools are used by managers only
D . A requirements management tool may be considered as test support tool

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Question #45

An organization is working on updating test cases for a particular module of their software.

Sam updated a set of test cases yesterday and saved the new version on his PC.

Unfortunately, the hard disk of his PC crashed, and his work was lost.

The IT department of the organization restored the contents of his hard disk with the last available back-up – from the previous morning However the changes made by him yesterday were lost forever Which of the following tools, had it been used, would have prevented the loss of Sam’s updates?

A . Incident Management Tool
B . Configuration Management Tool
C . Test Execution tool
D . Backup tool

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Question #46

Which of the following statements about decision tables are TRUE?

I, Generally, decision tables are generated for low risk test items

II, Test cases derived from decision tables can be used for component tests.

III, Several test cases can be selected for each column of the decision table.

IV, The conditions in the decision table represent negative tests generally.

A . I, Ill
B . II, Ill
C . II, IV
D . I, IV

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Correct Answer: B
B

Explanation:

A decision table is a specification-based test technique that involves creating a table that shows the combinations of inputs and outputs for a system under test based on certain conditions and rules.

A decision table can be used to design test cases that cover all possible scenarios and outcomes for a system under test. Some statements about decision tables are:

I, Generally, decision tables are generated for low risk test items: This statement is false because decision tables can be generated for any level of risk test items depending on the complexity and variability of the system under test. Decision tables are especially useful for testing systems that have many inputs, outputs, conditions, and rules that affect their behavior or performance.

II, Test cases derived from decision tables can be used for component tests: This statement is true because decision tables can be used to design test cases for any level or type of testing, including component tests. Component tests are tests that verify individual components or units of software in isolation from other components or systems.

III, Several test cases can be selected for each column of the decision table: This statement is true because each column of the decision table represents a unique combination of inputs and outputs for the system under test based on certain conditions and rules. Therefore, each column can be used as a basis for selecting one or more test cases that cover that combination.

IV, The conditions in the decision table represent negative tests generally: This statement is false because the conditions in the decision table can represent both positive and negative tests depending on the requirements and expectations of the system under test. Positive tests are tests that verify that the system under test behaves as expected under valid or normal inputs or conditions. Negative tests are tests that verify that the system under test handles errors or exceptions gracefully under invalid or abnormal inputs or conditions.

You can find more information about decision tables in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.

Question #47

"Statement Testing" is part of;

A . Experience based testing
B . Decision Testing
C . Specification Based testing
D . Structured based testing

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Question #48

The four test levels defined for a common V-model testing approach are:

A . Unit, integration, system and maintenance.
B . Functional, glass box, incremental and maintenance.
C . Component, integration, system and acceptance.
D . Unit, component, functional and alpha/beta.

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Question #49

Typically, exit criteria may consist of:

A . Defining the amount, level of detail structure, and templates for the test documentation.
B . Estimates of defect density or reliability measures.
C . Adequacy of the test approaches taken.
D . Discussions on disaster recovery.

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Question #50

A data driven approach to test automation design is best described as:

A . Using action words to describe the actions to be taken, the test data.
B . Scaling to support large numbers of users.
C . Being based on Equivalence Partitioning testing techniques.
D . Separating out the test data inputs and using a generic script that can read the test data and perform the same test steps with different data.

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