ISTQB CTFL_Syll2018 ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (Syllabus 2018) Online Training

Question #21

The following program part is given:

IF (condition A)

then DO B

END IF

How many test cases are necessary in order to achieve 100% statement coverage?

A . 1
B . 2
C . 4
D . a very high number

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Question #22

Which of the following tool types is the most useful one for a test manager?

A . Modeling tool
B . Static analysis tool
C . Coverage measurement tool
D . Defect tracking tool

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Correct Answer: D
D

Explanation:

A tool type is a category of tools that have similar features and functions and can be used for similar purposes. A test manager is a person who is responsible for planning, monitoring, controlling, and reporting the test activities and results. A test manager needs to use tools that can help them with these tasks and provide them with useful information and insights. Some examples of tool types that are useful for a test manager are:

Defect tracking tool: This tool type allows the test manager to record, track, manage, and report the defects found during testing. It also helps the test manager to communicate with developers, testers, and other stakeholders about the defect status and resolution.

Test management tool: This tool type allows the test manager to organize, manage, and control the test process and its outcomes. It also helps the test manager to define the test strategy, plan the test activities, allocate the test resources, schedule the test execution, monitor the test progress, and evaluate the test results.

Requirements management tool: This tool type allows the test manager to manage and trace the requirements of the system under test. It also helps the test manager to ensure that the test objectives are aligned with the user needs and expectations and that the test coverage is adequate and complete.

The other tool types mentioned in the question are not as useful for a test manager as they are for other roles or purposes. For example:

Modeling tool: This tool type allows the user to create graphical or textual representations of software systems or processes. It can be used for design, analysis, simulation, or documentation purposes.

Static analysis tool: This tool type allows the user to examine the code or design of a software system without executing it. It can be used for finding defects, measuring complexity, checking compliance, or improving quality.

Coverage measurement tool: This tool type allows the user to measure how much of the code or design of a software system has been exercised by a set of test cases. It can be used for evaluating the effectiveness or completeness of testing.

You can find more information about tool types in A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus, Chapter 61.

Question #23

The following diagram lists various types of operating systems, databases and application servers supported by the application under test.

For complete coverage of all combinations, how many combinations of the above are to be tested?

A . 11
B . 5
C . 45
D . 3

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Question #24

Which of the following is NOT a factor on which test estimation is dependent upon?

A . Defect debugging and resolution
B . The outcome of testing of previous test cycle
C . Characteristics of the development process
D . Characteristics of the product

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Question #25

Which of the following is a task of the Test Analysis and Design activity of the test process?

A . Measuring the percentage of prepared test cases with what was actually prepared
B . Identifying necessary test data to support the test conditions and test cases
C . Verifying that the test environment has been set up correctly
D . Checking test logs against the exit criteria specified in test planning

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Question #26

Given the following requirement:

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A . 7 and 13 are boundary values for the equivalence partition including age 10.
B . Thursday is a valid input boundary value
C . A minimum of 6 valid test cases are derived from boundary value analysis based on input age
D . $3.01 is a valid output boundary value

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Correct Answer: D
D

Explanation:

The requirement given in the image specifies an additional fee of $3 that is charged during the weekend, with some exceptions and discounts based on the age of the visitors. To test this requirement, we can use boundary value analysis, which is a specification-based test technique that involves testing the values at or near the boundaries of an equivalence partition. An equivalence partition is a set of values that are expected to be treated in the same way by the system under test.

For example, based on the requirement, we can identify the following equivalence partitions for the input age:

EP1: Age < 0 (invalid)

EP2: Age = 0 (valid, no charge)

EP3: 0 < Age < 7 (valid, no charge)

EP4: Age = 7 (valid, 20% discount)

EP5: 7 < Age < 13 (valid, 20% discount)

EP6: Age = 13 (valid, 20% discount)

EP7: 13 < Age < 65 (valid, full charge)

EP8: Age = 65 (valid, 50% discount)

EP9: Age > 65 (valid, 50% discount)

The boundary values for each equivalence partition are the values at or near the edges of the partition. For example, the boundary values for EP3 are 1 and 6. The boundary values for EP4 are 6 and 7. The boundary values for EP5 are 7 and 12. And so on.

To test this requirement using boundary value analysis, we need to select one value from each boundary and test it with different combinations of weekend and weekday.

For example, we can select the following values:

BV1: Age = -1 (from EP1)

BV2: Age = 0 (from EP2 and EP3)

BV3: Age = 6 (from EP3 and EP4)

BV4: Age = 7 (from EP4 and EP5)

BV5: Age = 12 (from EP5 and EP6)

BV6: Age = 13 (from EP6 and EP7)

BV7: Age = 64 (from EP7 and EP8)

BV8: Age = 65 (from EP8 and EP9)

BV9: Age = 66 (from EP9)

We can then create test cases using these values and different combinations of weekend and weekday.

For example:

TC1: Age = -1, Weekend = Yes -> Invalid input

TC2: Age = -1, Weekend = No -> Invalid input

TC3: Age = 0, Weekend = Yes -> No charge

TC4: Age = 0, Weekend = No -> No charge

TC5: Age = 6, Weekend = Yes -> No charge

TC6: Age = 6, Weekend = No -> No charge

TC7: Age = 7, Weekend = Yes -> $2.40 ($3 – 20% discount)

TC8: Age = 7, Weekend = No -> No charge

TC9: Age = 12, Weekend = Yes -> $2.40 ($3 – 20% discount)

TC10: Age = 12, Weekend = No -> No charge

TC11: Age = 13, Weekend = Yes -> $2.40 ($3 – 20% discount)

TC12: Age = 13, Weekend = No -> No charge

TC13: Age = 64, Weekend = Yes -> $3

TC14: Age = 64, Weekend = No -> No charge

TC15: Age = 65, Weekend = Yes -> $1.50 ($3 – 50% discount)

TC16: Age = 65, Weekend = No -> No charge

TC17: Age = 66, Weekend = Yes -> $1.50 ($3 – 50% discount)

TC18: Age =

66, Weekend = No -> No charge

Therefore, we need a minimum of 18 valid test cases to achieve 100% boundary value coverage based on input age.

$3.01 is not a valid output boundary value because it is not a possible output value based on the requirement. The output values can only be $0, $1.50, $2.40, or $3 depending on the input age and weekend status.

You can find more information about boundary value analysis in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB® Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], Chapter 4, Section 4.2.

Question #27

Which of the following defect types are LEAST likely to be discovered when using static analysis tools?

A . Variables that are never used
B . Coding standard violations
C . Memory leaks
D . Uncalled functions and procedures

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Question #28

Out of the following, what is not needed to specify in defect report?

A . How to fix the defect
B . Severity and priority
C . Test environment details
D . How to reproduce the defect

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Question #29

Which ONE of the following statements does NOT describe how testing contributes to higher quality?

A . Performing a review of the requirement specifications before implementing the system can enhance quality
B . The testing of software demonstrates the absence of defects
C . Properly designed tests that pass reduce the level of risk in a system
D . Software testing identifies defects, which can be used to improve development activities.

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Question #30

Testing should provide sufficient information to stakeholders to make informed decisions about the release of the software or system being tested.

At which of the following fundamental test process activity the sufficiency of the testing and the resulting information are assessed?

A . Implementation and execution
B . Requirements specification
C . Evaluating exit criteria and reporting.
D . Analysis and design

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