STM-N signals must be scrambled when transmitted on the line, mainly to facilitate the receiving end to extract the line timing signal. All bytes in the SDH frame structure will be scrambled.

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OChr means using electrical monitoring technology

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FAS is the frame alignment overhead with a length of 6 bytes. The 1st to 3rd bytes are 3 OA1 bytes, each OA1 is always "1111 0110"; the 1st to 6th bytes are 3 OA2 bytes, each OA2 is always "0010 1000". OA1 and OA2 are the frame alignment bytes of this frame signal, which are equivalent to A1 A2 in the SDH frame structure.

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When the bridge uses IVL learning mode, an entry in the MAC address table is created based on the original MAC address and original port of the data frame. This entry applies to all VLANs

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If SNCP services with the same source, sink or route are grouped, the SNCP switching speed can be improved.

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The device IP addresses of the gateway network element and non-gateway network element must be set in the same network segment.

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When configuring LMSP, there are two switching modes: single-ended switching and dual-ended switching. Single-ended switching does not require the protection protocol to be enabled.

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Linear MSP (LMSP) has two modes: 1+1 and 1:1. Additional services can only be configured for the protection channel in the 1:1 mode of LMSP.

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The clock unit can only access the external clock source as the timing signal source of the system through the external clock interface. In addition, it can also output the processed clock and provide the clock source for other devices that need timing.

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Which of the following IP addresses is a Class C IP address?

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