According to this viewpoint, why is Japan less likely to have problems with careless firestarters than is the United States?
- A . considered inhumane in Japanese society
- B . less harsh than imprisonment
- C . a strong preventive measure
- D . the easiest way to deal with the problem
- E . likely to show enough sympathy for the person
Which activity is an example of competition within a group?
- A . raising money for a charity project
- B . performing in a community play
- C . becoming salesperson of the month
- D . participating in an archaeological dig
- E . visiting residents of a nursing home
— ExhibitC
According to the Juvenile Curfew Act, which of the following should anyone under the age of 17 with a nighttime job be sure to do?
- A . get permission to work from the Metropolitan Police
- B . switch from a nighttime job to a daytime job
- C . go directly to and from the job during curfew hours
- D . perform 25 hours of community service
- E . make more than the minimum wage
In 1947, the United Nations (UN) tried to resolve the conflict over land between Arabs and Jews living in the former British mandate of Palestine. The UN recommended that Palestine be partitioned into two states―Arab and Jewish―and that the city of Jerusalem become a UN trusteeship. The majority of people living in Palestine were Arabs, and Arab leaders in Palestine rejected the plan. Jewish leaders accepted the plan and proclaimed the state of Israel within their part of Palestine. Almost immediately, war broke out between seven Arab nations and Israel.
Based on the information above, which was the main reason for the 1948 war in the Middle East?
- A . The people in the region resented Britain’s presence there.
- B . Rich deposits of oil were discovered in the region.
- C . Israelis and Arab Palestinians claimed the same land.
- D . Jews were leaving Israel in large numbers.
- E . Arab countries recognized Israel as an independent nation.
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects a person’s right to write letters to the editor of a newspaper suggesting governmental reforms?
✑ Amendment “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press”
✑ Amendment “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated”
✑ Amendment “No person shall…be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself”
✑ Amendment 6: “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial”
✑ Amendment 8: “Excessive bail shall not be required”
- A . Amendment 1
- B . Amendment 4
- C . Amendment 5
- D . Amendment 6
- E . Amendment 8
Nationalism is defined as devotion to one’s nation.It can encourage positive civic participation for a more productive society.If carried to the extreme, however, it can cause widespread and violent international conflicts.
Which of the following illustrates extreme nationalism in the twentieth century?
- A . the relationship of Guam to the United States
- B . tensions between Israel and Arab nations in the Middle East
- C . Deng Xiaoping’s diplomatic overtures to the West
- D . free-trade negotiations between Canada, Mexico, and the United States
- E . rapid industrialization in Brazil
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit -
Which statement expresses one of Andrew Carnegie’s main points?
- A . All workers should be paid the same wages.
- B . The rich and poor are natural enemies.
- C . No one should have more money than his neighbor.
- D . There is no hope for progress for the human race.
- E . Competition in business benefits society.
— Exhibit -
In 1889, Jane Addams, a social reformer in Chicago, Illinois, founded a settlement house called Hull House, which provided child care, kindergarten, libraries, playgrounds, vocational and domestic training, and food services to poor city residents. It also sent visiting nurses to help care for the sick in Chicago’s crowded neighborhoods.
At Hull House, young mothers practiced ways to care for their children―including the daily infant bath, which is illustrated in the photograph above. English-language classes, civic rights classes, and art classes were also offered. The settlement houses provided important services to the poor at a time when government and many churches did not provide them.
Many of the people who worked at the settlement houses also worked to outlaw sweatshop working conditions, to promote organized labor, and to secure workers’ compensation laws.
Adapted from Winthrop D. Jordan, Miriam Greenblatt, and John S. Bowes, The Americans: A History (Evanston, Ill.: McDougal, Littell & Company, 1994), 497.
— Exhibit C
Based on the information, which attitude did Jane Addams most likely have about her clients at Hull House?
- A . sympathized with their struggle to succeed in their new country
- B . criticized their unwillingness to explore outside their neighborhoods
- C . hoped they would someday return to their homelands
- D . thought they should stay out of political activities in the city
- E . believed they should compete for jobs without education
— Exhibit -
This letter was written by a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society.
To Mr. T. D. Weld Dear Sir:
"You have been appointed an agent of the American Anti-Slavery Society. . . . Our object is the overthrow of American slavery. We expect to accomplish this, mainly by showing to the public its true character . . . its denial of the first principles of religion, morals, and humanity. . . .
"You will teach everywhere, the great fundamental principle of IMMEDIATE ABOLITION, as the duty of all masters. . . . Insist principally on the SIN OF SLAVERY, because our main hope is in the consciences of men.
"The people of color ought at once to be emancipated and recognized as citizens, and their rights secured, equal in all respects to others, according to the fundamental principle laid down in the American Declaration of Independence."
Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimke Weld, and Sarah Grimke, Volume I (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1934), 124C28.
— Exhibit –
Based on the map, residents of which area of the country would have most strongly
protested the ideas expressed in the letter?
- A . Southeast and Gulf Coast
- B . Oregon Territory and the Northwest
- C . California
- D . Minnesota Territory
- E . unorganized territory
Exhibit:
Which conclusion about the extent of UN forces between 1945 and 2001 is best supported by the map?
- A . UN missions were needed most in industrial nations.
- B . UN forces failed in Central America.
- C . European nations did not support UN forces.
- D . UN forces worked in parts of Africa and Southwest Asia.
- E . North and South America would not allow UN forces in their countries.
Throughout history, neighboring countries have been likely to go to war against each other.Two neighboring rival powers, therefore, have often created a small country as a "buffer state" to separate the countries and to prevent war.
Which would be the most likely characteristic of a country that serves as a buffer state?
- A . have a population larger than either of the two rival powers
- B . have an area greater than the area of the rival powers
- C . be located directly between the two rival countries
- D . have the same language as one of the rival countries
- E . be the colony of one of the rival countries
Although food is relatively cheap in the United States, Americans pay a high price―with many hidden costs. A person can find American raspberries on sale in Britain at cheaper prices than those charged for British-grown raspberries. Some retailers prefer suppliers who can provide a year-round flow of produce, rather than switch to local raspberry producers who can only supply berries during one season.
Furthermore, because fuel costs are relatively low, big supermarkets can get a better deal from countries where wages are low. Thus, for a few cents of savings at the supermarket, local rural economies are weakened.
Based on this information, which statement describes a hidden effect of the sale of foreign-grown food on a local economy?
- A . Local food often tastes better.
- B . Local food becomes poor in quality.
- C . Name-brand food is less dependable.
- D . Foreign food is exotic and desirable.
- E . Local farmers may go out of business.
You will be able to use an Information button to view the material on each question screen.
This 1868 lithograph shows an idealized scene presenting farmers and settlers from the East, along with railroads, moving into lands already occupied by Native Americans.
— Exhibit -This 1868 lithograph shows an idealized scene presenting farmers and settlers from the East, along with railroads, moving into lands already occupied by Native Americans.
— Exhibit -
Why did many people in the United States move to California in 1849?
- A . reunite with friends and relatives
- B . establish a new country
- C . practice the Mormon religion
- D . trade for buffalo with Native Americans
- E . get rich by finding gold
President Johnson acknowledged a public leader’s need and desire to say the right words at the right time to the public.
How could television reporting cause television viewers to misunderstand a president’s speech?
- A . by asking questions about current issues addressed in the speech
- B . by showing certain parts of the speech out of context
- C . by providing commentaries by experts after the speech
- D . by airing an instant replay of the speech
- E . by airing the speech live
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit -
Which conclusion about life in the United States in 1898 is best supported by the photograph?
- A . Many immigrant families were wealthy.
- B . Many tenements had windows and plenty of fresh air.
- C . Many workers living in the city had few possessions.
- D . Many cities had no low-cost housing.
- E . Many immigrants moved away from the major port cities.
Budget deficits force U.S. and Canadian leaders to make hard choices.In each country, a large portion of the budget pays interest on the national debt.With remaining tax dollars, national lawmakers must decide how much money to spend on programs such as defense, health care, education, transportation, and environmental cleanup. Each of those programs has its own strong supporters.
Based on the information above, if legislators wished to get re-elected, which of the following should they do?
- A . vote to increase defense spending
- B . vote to increase the national debt
- C . poll voters and groups about their views
- D . cross party lines to vote with the opposition
- E . vote to eliminate most social programs
Which statement describes the effect of family life on society?
- A . teaches loyalty to country over family
- B . is usually private and has little effect on a society
- C . prevents conflicts among people in a society
- D . encourages family members to question authority
- E . preserves the values of a society
Exhibit:
Which statement about consumer prices between 1991 and 1997 is verified by the chart?
- A . The United States had a much higher rate of inflation than Canada.
- B . Canada produced more goods than the United States.
- C . The United States buys many products from Canada.
- D . A product costs more in Canada than in the United States.
- E . European consumer prices changed at the same rate as Canada’s prices.
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit -
What does information in the map imply about the relationship between religion and government in the illustrated region of the world?
- A . Religious beliefs can both unify and divide cultures.
- B . Separation of church and state strengthens empires.
- C . Democratic states tend to strengthen empires.
- D . Conflicts involving religion and land are a recent development.
- E . Governments last longer than religions.
Which of the following developments would Speaker A most likely support?
- A . jobs and wages determined by the marketplace
- B . federal safety and emission standards on cars
- C . an increase in government spending
- D . a program that guarantees summer jobs for youth
- E . government control of education
In 1950, the Soviet Union and China supported North Korea in the war against South Korea.
This support implies that North Korea had which type of government at the time?
- A . communist
- B . monarchy
- C . republic
- D . capitalist
- E . democracy
“The Great Society asks not how much, but how good; not only how to create wealth, but how to use it; not only how fast we are going, but where we are headed.It proposes as the first test for a nation: the quality of its people.”
Lyndon B. Johnson
State of the Union address, 1965
Based on the quotation above, which question would President Johnson have been most likely to ask about a proposed program?
- A . How much will it cost?
- B . How long will it take to implement?
- C . How will it improve the quality of life?
- D . Who proposed it?
- E . How many jobs will it create?
“In many impoverished [poor] countries, a well-developed tourism industry could serve as a magnet for international opportunities, generate precious foreign exchange, and create stable employment opportunities.”
Secretary-General Kofi Annan of the United Nations, 2000
Which unstated belief might have led Secretary General Kofi Annan to make the statement above?
- A . Tourism can benefit a country where few other industries can.
- B . Poor people should travel outside of their country.
- C . Tour companies are bad investments in poor countries.
- D . The United Nations should stop trying to help poor countries.
- E . No one would want to travel to a poor country.
— Exhibit -
This letter was written by a member of the American Anti-Slavery Society.
To Mr. T. D. Weld Dear Sir:
"You have been appointed an agent of the American Anti-Slavery Society. . . . Our object is the overthrow of American slavery. We expect to accomplish this, mainly by showing to the public its true character . . . its denial of the first principles of religion, morals, and humanity. . . .
"You will teach everywhere, the great fundamental principle of IMMEDIATE ABOLITION, as the duty of all masters. . . . Insist principally on the SIN OF SLAVERY, because our main hope is in the consciences of men.
"The people of color ought at once to be emancipated and recognized as citizens, and their rights secured, equal in all respects to others, according to the fundamental principle laid down in the American Declaration of Independence."
Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimke Weld, and Sarah Grimke, Volume I (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1934), 124C28.
— Exhibit -
The writer of the letter assumed which of the following statements was true?
- A . Slavery could only be ended by violence.
- B . Slavery was a subject that women should not discuss.
- C . Slavery was morally offensive to many Americans.
- D . Slavery was supported by the Declaration of Independence.
- E . Slavery was supported by the churches of America.
— ExhibitC
The map shows life expectancy ages for several countries.
Where are some of the nations with the highest life expectancy ages located?
- A . Central and South America, and Pakistan
- B . countries in far northern climates
- C . North America and Western Europe
- D . sub-Saharan Africa and India
- E . countries with relatively few industries that pollute the environment
Exhibit:
Which fundamental political principle supports the use of visas in international travel?
- A . control its borders
- B . give humanitarian aid
- C . protect the freedom of the seas
- D . ensure a person’s right to privacy
- E . give foreign aid
Exhibit:
Which statement about European Union trade in 2000 is supported by the graph?
- A . had no interest in Asian markets
- B . preferred not to trade with European countries
- C . had strong economic ties with the United States
- D . traded more manufacturing products than agricultural products
- E . combined trade and politics in its economic policies
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit -
Which statement about U.S. trading practices in 1998 is directly supported by information in the charts at the left?
- A . The United States exported fresh vegetables to Mexico.
- B . The United States cut off trade with China.
- C . The United States shared borders with two major trading partners.
- D . U.S. exports were greater than U.S. imports.
- E . U.S. exports remained at the same levels as U.S. 1997 exports.
A presidential candidate was born and raised in New England. Because support was also needed from other areas in the United States, the vice presidential candidate was chosen from a large Midwestern state.
In the example above, which vice presidential qualification did the presidential candidate hope would help win the election?
- A . constitutional compliance
- B . integrity
- C . ideology
- D . geographic balance
- E . Washington, D.C., experience
Between 1941 and 1945, the Japanese military controlled parts of Southeast Asia, and German armies controlled parts of North Africa.Furthermore, submarine warfare made all overseas trade difficult.
How did these conditions directly affect people in the United States at the time?
- A . U.S. teachers tried to shield their students from news about the war.
- B . U.S. companies could afford to produce inexpensive cars.
- C . U.S. shoppers could buy imported Japanese and German products.
- D . U.S. consumers had to reduce their use of rubber, oil, and metal products.
- E . U.S. men and women’s income levels fell when they could not find jobs.
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit -
According to the map above, which of the following U.S. regions was the most densely populated in 2000?
- A . Rocky Mountain states
- B . central Great Plains
- C . northern Great Lakes
- D . Gulf of Mexico coast
- E . northeast coast
Based on the graph at the left, for which product did consumers most increase their spending between 1960 and 2000?
- A . clothing
- B . food
- C . shoes
- D . medical care
- E . fuel oil and coal
A global trade company in 1995 would need to be informed daily about the exchange rate(s) for which of the following currency(ies) on the chart above?
- A . U.S. dollar, Deutsche mark, and Japanese yen
- B . travelers’ checks and ATM fees
- C . U.S., Canadian, and Australian dollars
- D . all non-European currencies
- E . French franc
Which is the most likely reason for the UN’s interest in the economic issues of its member countries?
- A . Economic development often accompanies political stability.
- B . The UN controls many international businesses.
- C . The governments of most countries are not interested in economics.
- D . The UN hopes to sell Western products.
- E . The UN is primarily a money-making organization.
“The central government has become too great an influence on our lives.We must create an economic climate that encourages private growth and resists the extension of federal power.”
From the statement above, what can we conclude that the speaker would favor?
- A . federal aid to education
- B . an expansion of small business ventures
- C . a program to reduce the profits of major corporations
- D . more people earning salaries from government jobs
- E . federal guarantees to help cities in danger of bankruptcy
Which statement summarizes why people are not able to prevent famines?
- A . without any warning
- B . in areas where few people live
- C . from conditions that are difficult to control
- D . quickly before people can do anything to help
- E . in poorly governed countries
How does the Toyota system differ from the classic Ford manufacturing process?
- A . assigns more than one task to each worker
- B . tries to correct product defects
- C . has an assembly line set-up
- D . has a system of quality control
- E . breaks down the production process into a series of specific tasks
According to the graph at the left, how did consumers in the Netherlands compare with consumers from other countries?
- A . had greater access to the Internet
- B . were more likely to learn computer technology
- C . had less access to shopping malls
- D . owned more computers
- E . shopped more on the Internet
Exhibit:
To which serious global consequence did this incident in 1962 threaten to lead?
- A . environmental pollution of the world’s oceans
- B . anti-free trade activities by young protestors
- C . a worldwide economic depression
- D . war between the world’s two superpowers
- E . disbanding of the United Nations
Which statement best summarizes the work of the United Nations in recent years?
- A . operating with fewer member countries
- B . shrinking in its responsibilities
- C . favoring some countries over others
- D . rejecting humanitarian efforts
- E . expanding in its scope
According to the article, what is a major reason people use technology to change the environment?
- A . a desire for power
- B . a natural inclination for discovery
- C . a need for economic development
- D . an instinct for destruction
- E . a desire for mobility
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recommended listing northern spotted owls as a threatened species.Fewer than 2000 spotted owls lived in the timber-rich forests of the Pacific Northwest.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists said that poor timber harvest management by the U.S. Forest Service was a chief cause for habitat loss and declining numbers of these owls.
Which is the main reason the northern spotted owl was listed as a threatened species?
- A . The number of owls declined because they lost their habitat.
- B . The owls migrated elsewhere because there was no food.
- C . The owls struggled to survive because the climate changed.
- D . Natural disasters destroyed the owls’ habitat.
- E . The owls’ migration patterns threatened their homes.
— Exhibit -
At the end of the Civil War, at a time period called Reconstruction, the U.S. government planned to rebuild and re-establish the states that had been a part of the Confederacy. Supporting the former slaves as free citizens (freedmen) was one important goal of the federal government. Radical Republicans, mostly Northerners, pushed for federal legislation that granted the vote to freedmen. Gradually, by the 1880s, however, many states enforced policies that restricted the freedmen’s right to vote. In that instance, Reconstruction has been evaluated as a failure.
— Exhibit -
Which statement best describes the significance of the picture shown on the Harper’s Weekly cover on November 16, 1867?
- A . important national news
- B . never going to become federal law
- C . a political victory for the former Confederate states
- D . undemocratic and unconstitutional
- E . unimportant to the freedmen
— ExhibitC
Which conditions in the East most likely helped cause the changes throughout the U.S. transportation systems shown on the maps?
- A . respect for Mexico’s land claims in the West
- B . destruction caused by war
- C . the emancipation of all slaves
- D . laws that protected Native Americans’ land rights
- E . increasing population and growing industries
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit -Which event started the “space race”?
- A . invention of the airplane
- B . completion of the Spacelab
- C . first walk by astronauts on the Moon
- D . founding of the European Economic Community
- E . launching of a Russian satellite
Mechanization dramatically changed the clothing industry in the late 1800s.Powerful machines that were able to slice through a hundred layers of cloth at a time brought the speed of cutting clothes in line with the sewing operation.Completely automatic looms meant that one weaver could produce 400 yards of fabric in an hour.Improved cylinder presses could print from two to twelve colors at the same time.As calico florals rolled off the cylinders, one of the most expensive fabrics of the 1700s became one of the cheapest in the 1800s.
Adapted from American Heritage, December 1988, Vol. 39, 42.
The article supports which statement about the relationship of mechanization and the work world?
- A . Fewer, more expensive products are a positive sign of progress.
- B . Mechanization does not affect the lives of average citizens.
- C . Technology slows down the activities in most industries.
- D . Productivity relates to available machinery.
- E . Mechanization produces boredom on the job.
— ExhibitC
A long-term reduction in world market prices for crude oil beginning in 1986 would have most likely depressed the economy in which U.S. region?
- A . the New England States
- B . the Gulf of Mexico coast
- C . the Southeast coast
- D . the Mid-Atlantic region
- E . the Pacific Northwest coast
Exhibit:
Which statement about the quality of life in England in 1840 explains the above statistics?
- A . People died at an earlier age in Manchester because it was much colder than Rutland.
- B . Working conditions in factory towns were dirty and dangerous.
- C . The upper class had harder lives than the majoriy of people in England.
- D . England suffered from a critical food shortage.
- E . Sewer systems removed waste materials from towns.
Why is information about levels of hydrocarbons, CO, and CO2 most likely required in the inspection report?
- A . Gasoline companies lobby in favor of the emissions report.
- B . Most drivers insist on knowing this information.
- C . Foreign cars in the United States have different safety standards.
- D . The state government regulates vehicle air pollution standards.
- E . The state government regulates vehicle speed limits.
— ExhibitC
Which statement about the history of space technology and exploration between 1920 and 1998 is supported by information on the time line?
- A . Rocket science began after World War II.
- B . The USSR invented long-range missiles.
- C . Space technology was the main cause of world wars.
- D . Different nations experimented with space technology.
- E . Nations ended space exploration after 1998.
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit -
Which statement of opinion supports continued funding for projects such as those on the time line in the 1980s and 1990s?
- A . Scientific exploration of space is a waste of taxpayers’ money.
- B . Shuttles and rockets are too costly when people need housing and jobs.
- C . Scientific exploration has improved people’s standard of living.
- D . Few people benefit from space exploration.
- E . Explorers are in the business for personal fame and fortune.
Voice of America (VOA) is a U.S. government tradio broadcast whose goal is to "promote better understanding of the United States in other countries." VOA promises accurate and fair broadcasts that present news and information from many points of view and about many subjects.
Which of the following newspaper articles would most closely reflect the promise of the VOA policy?
- A . reports campaign issues from one political party’s point of view
- B . reports about a political speech from a variety of reliable sources
- C . ignores public officials who have different points of view from that of the newspaper editor
- D . presents an advertiser-sponsored account about famous people
- E . reports only the newspaper owner’s views on foreign trade
"When the power of making laws and the power of executing them are united in the same person. . . there can be no liberty."
Montesquieu
Spirit of the Laws, 1750
Based on the quotation by Montesquieu, which feature of the U.S. government illustrates a solution to the stated situation?
- A . three branches of government
- B . foreign policy
- C . universal adult voting
- D . civilian control of the military
- E . majority rule
Based on the tone and content of his speech, what most likely was the political role that Pericles held in Athens?
- A . He was a leader with little regard for public order and welfare in Athens.
- B . He was a champion of the divine right of kings to rule.
- C . He was the leading judge in the Athenian court system.
- D . He was a respected leader among the Athenian people.
- E . He was a supporter of foreign military leaders ruling Athens.
Exhibit: Based on the charts, which belief best reflects the changes in American living patterns between 1940 and 1960?
- A . Rural living became more attractive by 1960.
- B . Between 1940 and 1960, the percentage of people living in urban areas decreased.
- C . By 1960, about half the population was living in small towns.
- D . Between 1940 and 1960, the U.S. was becoming more suburbanized.
- E . By 1960, people were continuing to migrate to small towns and rural areas.
These excerpts are taken from which of the following documents?
- A . the American Declaration of Independence
- B . The Federalist Papers
- C . President George Washington’s Farewell Address
- D . the U.S. Bill of Rights
- E . the U.S. Articles of Confederation
Exhibit:
According to this information, which of the following is an example of an ecological disaster?
- A . millions of fish swimming to one particular area
- B . bears waking from winter hibernation and leaving national parklands
- C . an oil tanker spilling its cargo into the sea
- D . worldwide demands for fuel
- E . the fishing industry catching many salmon
The United States and Canada are multicultural societies.In 1995, French and English were official languages in Canada, and the government financed second-language instruction in elementary and high schools.In response to immigration in the early 1990s, the U.S. government funded bilingual programs whose main goal was to enable all U.S. citizens to read and write English.
Which relationship between language and national policy reflects the programs supported in the United States and Canada in the early 1990s?
- A . Language instruction is a private concern.
- B . National well-being depends on citizens’ ability to communicate.
- C . The government is managed by a particular language group.
- D . Law and order requires citizens to visit other countries.
- E . The government penalizes different cultures that cannot live together.
Which statement is a standard explanation in support of a property tax?
- A . It is a fair tax because everyone is taxed an equal total amount each year.
- B . It is based on dollar earnings; the more people earn, the more they will pay.
- C . Businesses should pay more taxes than individuals pay.
- D . The more people own, the more they should be able to pay.
- E . The less people own, the more services they will use.
Exhibit:
If legislators wish to increase voter registration in their state or province, which kind of bill should they introduce?
- A . shortens voter registration hours
- B . allows voter registration by mail
- C . reduces the number of voter registration sites
- D . lengthens voter residency requirements
- E . reduces funding for voter registrars
A business is composed of different departments that have specific functions to fulfill.The personnel department manages relations between management and employees, marketing is concerned with selling the products in the market, and production oversees manufacturing of those products.
Which unit would be responsible for advertising a product in a newspaper or on television?
- A . personnel
- B . finance
- C . production
- D . marketing
- E . quality control
— ExhibitC
Many accomplished geographers, scientists, and mathematicians worked under the rule of the Islamic caliphs (leaders).
According to the information on the map, what practical use did the Muslim rulers make of the technical knowledge and skills described above?
- A . established commercial trade around the Mediterranean region
- B . named the stars and planets for gods and goddesses
- C . built seaworthy vessels that sailed to the Americas
- D . helped astrologers predict the future
- E . increased travel times to India, Syria, and Egypt
"Our form of government does not enter into rivalry with the institutions of others.We do not copy our neighbors, but are an example to them.It is true that we are called a democracy, for government is in the hands of the many and not of the few.But while the law secures equal justice to all . . . the claim of excellence is also recognized; and when a citizen is in any way distinguished, he is elected to public service, not as a matter of privilege, but as the reward for merit.Neither is poverty a bar, but a man may benefit his country whatever may be the obscurity of his condition."
Pericles in Athens, a Greek city-state, in 400 B.C.
Based on the above excerpt, which would Pericles think best qualified a person to be elected to public service?
- A . a citizen who has performed distinguished service
- B . a member of a royal family
- C . a military leader of Athens
- D . a member of the aristocracy
- E . an official of the ruling religious group
Exhibit: According to the information, the Canadian government is legally committed to which of the following?
- A . protecting the rights of refugees to practice their religion
- B . finding jobs for refugees
- C . providing guaranteed income to refugees
- D . funding refugees who want to run for political office
- E . granting professional licenses to refugees
According to the viewpoint, what would be the best way for a city to decrease its fire death rate?
- A . Hire more firefighters.
- B . Buy more fire trucks and equipment.
- C . Improve safety education in the schools.
- D . Enforce existing fire regulations.
- E . Enforce severe penalties for causing fires.
Exhibit:
Which action can the government take to change the situation illustrated in the cartoon?
- A . encourage more people to drive into cities for work
- B . pass laws to make faster vehicles
- C . eliminate more open land on the outskirts of cities
- D . require strict air quality controls in cities
- E . expand public transportation in metropolitan areas
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit -
In 1493, Pope Alexander VI settled land disputes between Spain and Portugal by creating the Line of Demarcation on the map of the world.
How did this land settlement affect Spain?
- A . gained control of exploration in North America
- B . lost its right to explore and trade in South America
- C . stopped competing with England for power and wealth
- D . gained a monopoly of the spice trade with India
- E . took over the ivory trade with African kingdoms
Exhibit:
If leaders of Asian countries wanted to increase and sustain trade revenue from the sale of ginkgo, which action would most likely help them accomplish this goal?
- A . Charge high prices until all of the ginkgo trees are destroyed.
- B . Prohibit the harvesting of ginkgo for a few years.
- C . Discourage Western nations’ consumption of ginkgo.
- D . Encourage the harvesting and replanting of new ginkgo trees.
- E . Raise tariffs on Asian-grown ginkgo.
Exhibit:
Which situation does Jefferson’s letter indicate he feared most?
- A . the legislative power to tax
- B . state rebellion against the central government
- C . the central government exercising too much power
- D . a majority of people deciding an issue
- E . heavy tax burdens being placed on people
Exhibit:
What purpose do passports serve for ordinary travelers in a foreign country?
- A . to allow travelers to work in a foreign country
- B . to permit travelers in a foreign land to hire others
- C . to protect travelers on diplomatic missions from disease
- D . to allow travelers to vote in the elections of a foreign country
- E . to provide travelers with proof of their identity and citizenship
Exhibit:
Which was a major cause of the event reported in the newspaper at the left?
- A . the sharp drop in the value of stock
- B . the crash of the zeppelin Hindenberg in New Jersey
- C . the national debts from World War I
- D . U.S. businesses lagging in technological developments
- E . the government buying all the stock in U.S. businesses
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit -
Which conclusion about nomadic shepherd communities is best supported by the photograph and the passage?
- A . The shepherds have easier lives than people who live in cities.
- B . The shepherds’ jobs are directly affected by climate changes.
- C . Shepherds must hunt and gather to survive in towns.
- D . Shepherds’ animals do best in densely populated areas.
- E . Shepherds use more water than farmers.
— ExhibitC
— Exhibit –
Based on the map at the left, which statement about average spending on elementary and secondary students is most accurate?
- A . State revenue does not contribute to public education.
- B . Larger states spend more than smaller states.
- C . Washington and Wyoming spend the same amount.
- D . Rhode Island spends the least amount.
- E . California spends less than New Jersey.
The U.S. Supreme Court’s desegregation ruling in 1962 supports which idea in U.S. history?
- A . The U.S. executive branch controls the Supreme Court.
- B . Federal courts may not interfere with state and local government practices.
- C . People can take direct action to change unjust practices.
- D . Racial segregation promotes equal opportunities for U.S. citizens.
- E . Laws should not be broken.
"Resolved, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved."
Richard Henry Lee, 1776
Which of the following statements reflects Lee’s proposal to the Continental Congress in 1776?
- A . Go to war with all of Europe.
- B . Form a stronger union with Great Britain.
- C . Break away from Great Britain to form independent states.
- D . Promise their loyalty to the king of England.
- E . Be patient with the British government.
Exhibit:
Which development will most likely occur in the United States if the trends in the graphs at the left continue?
- A . The president will seek closer political ties with Asian nations.
- B . Hispanic culture will become less important in communities.
- C . Mexico will stop being an ally of the U.S. government.
- D . Congress will pass tariffs on imports from Latin America.
- E . Hispanics will have greater political power and representation.
In 1865, the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution became law.Section 1 reads:
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
Which event occurred in the United States as a result of the 13th Amendment?
- A . The civil rights of all citizens were protected by law.
- B . Women were granted the right to vote.
- C . Racial segregation ended.
- D . Criminals were given more legal protection.
- E . Slavery was declared illegal.
In the early 1940s, a team of Harvard graduate students and IBM engineers built Mark I, the first electromechanical computer; its use expanded from government to business, and, in the 1990s, to the home. Computers have made it possible to gather, store, and distribute information faster than ever before in history.
Which occurrence is a possible harmful side effect of this trend in information management?
- A . Emergency and police responses have speeded up.
- B . Library records are more easily stored.
- C . Telephone service is provided through push-button choices.
- D . The printing costs of some magazines have remained unchanged.
- E . Access to too much information can stall decision-making.
In 1963, President Johnson secured approval from Congress to begin his War on Poverty, which allocated $1 billion to the Office of Economic Opportunity to increase employment programs. President Johnson supported the Civil Rights Act, which outlawed discrimination on the basis of color, race, religion, gender, or national origin in public accommodations and employment. After election to a term as president, he introduced Medicare, which provided a two-part plan that insured all Americans over 65 against expensive hospital bills and provided inexpensive insurance for those covered by Social Security.
Exhibit:
Based on the information and timeline, which change most likely resulted from legislation passed during the Johnson presidency?
- A . Racial segregation became acceptable to more people.
- B . Johnson vetoed the Great Society Plan.
- C . More job opportunities were created.
- D . Voter registration declined.
- E . Americans under 65 applied for more insurance.
Exhibit: Why did President Roosevelt address the nation immediately after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941?
- A . reassure citizens that international problems would not affect their daily lives
- B . encourage a national policy of isolationism in relation to the war in Europe and Asia
- C . increase his popularity as President of the United States
- D . announce the military strategy of the United States and its Allies
- E . gain public support for U.S. economic and military mobilization for war