Where would stratified transitional epithelium be located?
- A . Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- B . Skin Muscle
- C . Bladder
- D . Tendon
Which of the following surrounds the individual fibers within a nerve?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A . Epineurium
- B . Perineurium
- C . Endoneurium
- D . Microglia
What are acetylcholine and catecholamines?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A . Neurotransmitters
- B . Digestive enzymes
- C . Electrolytes
- D . Erythrocytes
What is the control center of a cell?
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A . Cytoplasm
- B . Mitochondrion
- C . Nucleolus
- D . Ribosome
Assisting a client with a movement during a palpation assessment is Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A . active ROM
- B . active-assisted ROM
- C . passive ROM
- D . resistive ROM
B
Explanation:
Assisting a client through an active movement is active-assisted ROM. This is used to test for muscle adhesions, muscle strengths and muscle weakness.
Throughout the years, a massage therapist can learn a multitude of disciplines which can be used during treatments. A massage therapist who works with pregnant mothers, athletes and repetitive stress injuries is best described as using.
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A . massage fundamentals
- B . integrated approaches
- C . structural integration
- D . applied kinesiology
When are massage therapists allowed to disclose confidential information about the client to third parties without the client’s consent?
- A . When the massage therapist is placed in danger
- B . When required by law or court order
- C . When the massage therapist has suspicion of child abuse
- D . All of the above
D
Explanation:
In almost all situations, the massage therapist needs to retain a strict confidentiality of the client’s information. However, there are certain exceptions, such as when the massage therapist feels in personal danger, when there are suspicions of a client abusing a child and whenever required by law.
The occipitals contribute to TMJD.
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A . TRUE
- B . FALSE
A
Explanation:
The occipital muscles act to anchor the head during mastication but add stress and strain to the temporalis and masseter when the occipitals are hypertonic.
Which type of nerves are stimulated by massage to send messages to the central nervous system?
- A . Afferent nerves
- B . Efferent nerves
- C . Somatic nerves
- D . Neurologic nerves
A
Explanation:
Nerves that send messages to the central nervous system (CNS) are called afferent nerves. Sensory receptors are examples of afferent nerves. The nerves that send messages from the CNS to the body are called efferent nerves. Somatic nerves are an example of efferent nerves.
An epiphyseal line on a bone indicates what?
- A . The bone has begun a new growth phase.
- B . The bone was previously fractured in that location.
- C . The bone has stopped growing.
- D . The bone has reached its adult length.
C
Explanation:
The epiphyseal line appears on a bone when the growth plate, or epiphyseal plate, has ceased to function – meaning that the bone has stopped growing in length. During childhood and adolescence, the bones grow at the epiphyseal plate. As a person reaches adulthood, the growth plates close and become epiphyseal lines, signaling that the bone has stopped growing. So, while option D, "the bone has reached its adult length," might also seem correct, it is more directly associated with the completion of growth, which is represented more accurately by option C.
Which of the following choices best describes the function of O, in the acronym S.O.A.P.?
- A . Homework
- B . Evaluation
- C . Summary of findings
- D . Client experience
C
Explanation:
The S.O.A.P acronym stands for:
S – Subjective: This is where the therapist records the client’s reported experiences, feelings, and opinions about their condition.
O – Objective: This section contains factual, observable, and measurable data that the therapist can collect during the session, which is where the summary of findings or clinical observations will be noted.
A – Assessment: In this section, the therapist will evaluate the objective and subjective information to assess the client’s progress and the effectiveness of the treatment.
P – Plan: Here, the therapist outlines the treatment plan or the next steps for managing the client’s condition.
So, the "O" in S.O.A.P represents Objective information which consists of observations and findings collected during the therapy session. It doesn’t involve homework, evaluation or the client’s experience, which makes option C the most appropriate choice.
_______________ is the knowledge base and practice parameters of the massage profession.
Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A . Therapeutic relationship
- B . Scope of practice
- C . Code of ethics
- D . Informed consent
B,C
Explanation:
B. Scope of Practice: This refers to the range and limits within which practitioners provide their services. It defines what a practitioner is allowed to do, what education and training are required, and the standards they must adhere to. It essentially defines the boundaries of what the practice entails.
C. Code of Ethics: This is a set of principles and values that govern the behavior and conduct of professionals in the massage industry. It ensures that practitioners adhere to a certain standard of professionalism and ethical conduct.
While "Therapeutic Relationship" (A) and "Informed Consent" (D) are important aspects within the profession, they don’t define the knowledge base and practice parameters as comprehensively as the "Scope of Practice" and "Code of Ethics". "Informed Consent" is a part of the ethical practice and "Therapeutic Relationship" is a part of professional interaction, but they are subsets of the broader categories represented by options B and C.
A massage therapist that conducts a regular self-assessment of strengths and weaknesses, respects the privacy of client information and upholds the standards of professionalism is adhering to Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)
- A . legal boundaries
- B . informed consent
- C . the massage code of ethics
- D . personal boundaries
C
Explanation:
A
The massage code of ethics is a standard of conduct that defines ethical behavior for a massage therapist. The question lists principles of the massage code of ethics.
A hematocrit is a medical test for ____________________.
- A . healthy liver function
- B . identifying peptic ulcers
- C . measuring blood and plasma
- D . pupil dilation
C
Explanation:
The anatomical term “foramen” refers to a hole or opening for nerves or tissues to pass through as in the foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone on the skull which allows several nerves, arteries and veins to pass through.
Choose the correct definition of the anatomical term “foramen”.
- A . A rounded articular process
- B . A shallow cavity or slight depression
- C . A hole or opening for nerves and other tissues to pass through
- D . A narrow projection of the spine
C
Explanation:
The anatomical term “foramen” refers to a hole or opening for nerves or tissues to pass through as in the foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone on the skull which allows several nerves, arteries and veins to pass through.
It’s very cold outside and Bill gets into the spa, turning it up to its maximum temperature (106DegF). After several minutes in the water, he faints and would have drowned if a passerby had not saved him.
Which best explains what happened?
- A . His body could not tolerate the shock going from cold to hot.
- B . He suffered a heart attack due to the excess heat.
- C . He fainted from a lack of oxygenated blood to his brain.
- D . He received second-degree burns and went into shock.
C
Explanation:
When the body is exposed to prolonged heat, more blood is shunted to superficial veins in order to lower body temperature. This results in decreased venous return to the heart. The resulting lowered cardiac output causes less oxygenated blood to reach the brain, causing dizziness and fainting.
Which of the following choices best describes the function of A, in the acronym S.O.A.P.?
- A . Homework
- B . Treatment
- C . Summary of findings I
- D . Initial complaint
C
Explanation:
The A is for assessment, which is a summary of our findings.
A protrusion of the intestine thru the inguinal canal is referred to as ____________.
- A . diverticulum
- B . exophthalmos
- C . hernia
- D . bulqaria
C
Explanation:
A hernia occurs when an organ, or the surrounding fascial tissue of the organ, protrudes through the wall or membrane that contains it. Hernias can occur at various points within the body and are often named by their location. This question deals with an inguinal hernia. Hernias are classified as either reducible hernias or irreducible hernias. Reducible hernias can be manually reversed by applying direct pressure whereas irreducible hernias need surgery to reverse the condition.
A client who often jokes about going out on a date is _________________.
- A . breaking confidentiality
- B . testing boundaries
- C . exploring the therapeutic relationship
- D . just being kind
B
Explanation:
Any client who routinely requests to explore beyond the professional environment is testing the boundaries and professionalism of the therapist. Remember, the therapist is always at fault for allowing a breach of professional boundaries. The repercussions can lead to a hefty fine and/or loss of a massage license.
A client has asked a massage therapist to volunteer at a special event for the mentally disabled. The massage therapist would be the only massage therapist at the event. The therapist has over 10 years of experience and is well trained in massage. However, the massage therapist is uncomfortable working with people who have difficulties with communication.
Which of the following is a valid explanation for declining the request in this situation?
- A . Inability to work with people who cannot communicate
- B . Lack of necessary training and skills
- C . Lack of additional support during the event
- D . Only works for money
C
Explanation:
In this scenario, it seems the therapist is uncomfortable due to a lack of experience or confidence in working with people who have communication difficulties. It is essential to maintain a professional and respectful approach in such situations.
Carbohydrate digestion mostly occurs at which point in the digestive tract?
- A . Mouth
- B . Stomach
- C . Small intestine
- D . Large intestine
C
Explanation:
Carbohydrate digestions occurs mainly in the small intestine where the pancreatic digestive enzyme amylase converts starches into maltose which is then converted to glucose by the enzyme maltase. Sucrase converts sucrose to glucose and lactase converts lactose to glucose in the small intestine as well.
Neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils are types of __________________.
- A . eukocytes
- B . myocytes
- C . pathogens
- D . enzymes
A
Explanation:
Neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils are the three types of granular leukocytes (white blood cells) of the immune system which consume infectious diseases and foreign materials.
A therapist may legally engage in sexual relations with a client if they:
- A . Obtain written permission from a lawyer
- B . Officially end the client/therapist relationship within a week before intercourse occurs
- C . Maintained a sexual relationship prior to developing a client/therapist relationship
- D . A therapist should never engage a client in intercourse
D
Explanation:
Engaging in a sexual relationship with a client is a significant breach of professional boundaries and ethics in the massage therapy profession (and in most healthcare professions). This kind of relationship can take advantage of the inherent power imbalance between a therapist and a client. Ethical codes in healthcare professions, including massage therapy, generally have strict prohibitions against sexual relationships with clients to protect clients from potential exploitation and to maintain the professionalism and integrity of the therapist-client relationship. Therefore, the correct answer is that a therapist should never engage in sexual relations with a client under any circumstances.
Which of the following would be a possible concern for a new client?
- A . A detailed and thorough intake
- B . Low lighting in the treatment room
- C . Soft music played throughout the office
- D . Locked door for privacy
D
Explanation:
A locked door can put the therapist at risk of being accused for entrapment of a client. If a door must be locked be sure to ask the client for permission.
Which of the following muscles is a synergist for the biceps brachii?
- A . Triceps
- B . Posterior deltoid
- C . Pec major
- D . Brachialis
D
Explanation:
The synergist or assisting muscle to the biceps brachii is the brachialis muscle.
Which system is also known as the excretory system?
- A . Integumentary
- B . Digestive
- C . Urinary
- D . Respiratory
C
Explanation:
The purpose of the excretory system is to regulate the chemical composition of the body by removing metabolic waste and to monitor the proper amount of water, salts and nutrients. The integumentary, digestive and respiratory system all play a minor role in the excretory system. However, the urinary system is responsible for the excretion of fluid to maintain homeostasis.
How many bones comprise the shoulder girdle?
- A . 1
- B . 2
- C . 3
- D . 4
B
Explanation:
There are two bones that make the shoulder girdle – the clavicle and the scapula.
What is another term for kinesthesia?
- A . Proprioception
- B . Pain
- C . Mechanoreceptors
- D . Tetanus
A
Explanation:
Kinesthesia is another term for proprioception, or the ability of a person to perceive their own movement.
What is the technical name for the Adam’s Apple?
- A . Hvoid bone
- B . Larangeal prominence
- C . Esophagus
- D . Zyqomatic arch
B
Explanation:
The Adams Apple is a protrusion on the anterior portion of males named after the ancient story of Adam eating the fruit from Eve and having a piece become lodged in his throat. This protrusion is the larangeal prominence formed by an angular section of thyroid cartilage. It is present in both men and women. However, it grows in size during puberty in young men.
What does a “z-line” refer to?
- A . A spinal disorder
- B . Border of a sarcomere
- C . A cardiology report
- D . Type of bone fracture
B
Explanation:
A z-line is the dark band that separate sarcomeres and forms the borders where actin molecules within a muscle combine.
Where are the adrenal glands located?
- A . Brain cavity of skull
- B . Along the anterolateral portion of the neck
- C . Superior to the kidneys
- D . Throughout the body along circulatory tissues
C
Explanation:
The adrenal glands, known for releasing “fight or flight” hormones in response to stressors, are located superiorly to the kidneys.
Which heart valve is the mitral valve?
- A . Tricuspid
- B . Bicuspid
- C . Pulmonary semilunar
- D . Aortic semilunar
B
Explanation:
The mitral valve is also known as the bicuspid, which controls blood flow between the opening of the left atrium into the left ventricle.
A 27 year old male client enters a massage therapy office for a treatment holding his right hand along the pinky and ring finger. He complains of numbness and weakness in the two affected digits. He states the condition has been progressing over the last few weeks. He works in IT for a database company and works normal hours and is not very stressed at work. He is a daily commuter cyclist and also enjoys playing disc golf.
What condition is indicated by the symptoms?
- A . Carpal tunnel
- B . Radial tunnel
- C . Guvon’s canal
- D . Dupuytrens contracture
C
Explanation:
Guyon’s canal syndrome is a compression of the ulnar nerve between the hook of the hamate and the pisiform bones located in the palm of the hand.
A range of motion assessment of a joint is calculated by testing ____________.
- A . its capsular pattern
- B . the cartilage
- C . inert tissue
- D . posture
A
Explanation:
A range of motion assessment is achieved by testing the joints capsular pattern, which will indicate any limitations by structure or function..
_________________ are the physical and emotional space between a client and a therapist that helps maintain professionalism.
- A . Ethics
- B . Boundaries
- C . Frameworks
- D . Laws
B
Explanation:
Boundaries are integral to maintaining a healthy physical and emotional space within the therapeutic relationship.
Which of the following is the local laws that control the physical location of an office?
- A . Building codes
- B . Licensing
- C . Zoning
- D . Business registry
C
Explanation:
Zoning ordinances and regulations are local laws that govern how a property can be used. Always check with the local municipality before making any major changes to a home or office.
The federal and state laws that govern the massage profession are the _______________.
- A . professional boundaries
- B . legal boundaries
- C . HIPAA regulations
- D . OSHA regulations
B
Explanation:
Federal and state law form the legal boundaries of the massage profession.
How many lobes are in each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex?
- A . 2
- B . 3
- C . 4
- D . 5
C
Explanation:
The cerebral cortex is divided into two halves or hemispheres. Each hemisphere consists of four lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe. The lobes relate not to brain function but rather to the bones that underlie the cerebral cortex. The borders of these lobes are dictated by sutures in the skull with the exception between the frontal and parietal lobes which follow a deep fold in the brain called the central sulcus and this is just behind the frontal and parietal sutures.
What do the levator scapulae, trapezius (upper fibers), biceps brachii, subscapularis and soleus all have in common?
- A . Act on the shoulder
- B . Phasic muscles
- C . Postural muscles
- D . Fast twitch muscle
C
Explanation:
All the muscles listed in the question are examples of postural muscles. Postural muscles are slow twitch and highly susceptible to hypertonicity in over-use and under-use scenarios.
What do the levator scapulae, trapezius (upper fibers), biceps brachii, subscapularis and soleus all have in common?
- A . Act on the shoulder
- B . Phasic muscles
- C . Postural muscles
- D . Fast twitch muscle
C
Explanation:
ABCDE
All the muscles listed in the question are examples of postural muscles. Postural muscles are slow twitch and highly susceptible to hypertonicity in over-use and under-use scenarios.
ABCDE is used as a guideline to detect changes in the _______________.
- A . eyes
- B . muscles
- C . skin
- D . mouth
C
Explanation:
ABCDE refers to irregularities in skin. A – asymmetrical shape of skin B – border unevenness C – color variations D – diameter E – evolution Any changes in the ABCDE category is cause for a referral to a dermatologist.
As a self-employed sole proprietor or independent contractor, how often are you required to file form 1040ES with the IRS?
- A . Bi-monthly
- B . Quarterly
- C . Bi-yearly
- D . Yearly
B
Explanation:
Form 1040ES is required for estimated tax liability especially if you expect to owe at least $1,000.00 in tax for the year. You are required to make estimated tax payments to avoid federal penalties. The practice of paying your quarterly estimated tax reduces the burden of paying a large sum all at once.
On a unique occasion, a client appears depressed and mentions suicide as a possible option for dealing with life. Suggesting the client seek professional help is considered _______________.
- A . inappropriate
- B . beyond the scope of practice
- C . a personal preference
- D . a professional obligation
D
Explanation:
One of the few times a massage therapist is allowed to break confidentiality is when he or she suspects a client to be in personal danger or harm. In this case, the massage therapist has a professional obligation to ensure the safety of the client.
Having a discussion with a client about the positive and potentially negative effects of massage for a certain condition is an example of _______________.
- A . informed consent
- B . ethics
- C . framework
- D . personal boundaries
A
Explanation:
Disclosing all of the details about a treatment to a client gives them the opportunity to decide how to proceed and is part of the process to obtain informed consent.
Tennis elbow affects the flexor muscles of the forearm.
- A . TRUE
- B . FALSE
B
Explanation:
Tennis elbow affects the extensor muscles of the forearm and is attributed to the tearing of flexor muscles during impact of a back hand swing.
The smallest blood vessels in the human body are called ____________.
- A . arterioles
- B . veins
- C . venules
- D . capillaries
D
Explanation:
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. Arterioles are the connecting vessels between arteries and capillaries. Venules are the connecting vessels between capillaries and veins.
Choose the correct muscle type that is fast twitch and prone to inhibition.
- A . postural
- B . phasic
- C . cardiac
- D . smooth
B
Explanation:
Phasic muscles are fast twitch muscles which are prone to inhibition or fatigue. Muscles that are designed to move our bodies are typically phasic while muscles that are designed to hold our bodies upright are typically postural.
What do boundaries clarify?
- A . Our needs and desires
- B . Our need to protect ourselves
- C . Our need to protect our
- D . Our personal limits and expectations
D
Explanation:
Having clear boundaries will assist the massage therapist in knowing when a personal limit has been reached and what can be expected from the therapist and the client within a professional relationship.
Which of the following ethical principles is being followed when a massage therapist is conscientious about keeping clients updated with informed consent?
- A . Healthcare services
- B . Client autonomy
- C . Professional maintenance
- D . Confidentiality
B
Explanation:
Client autonomy is when the practitioner keeps the client up to date about any possible changes or adjustments that can affect the client. This gives the client a chance to choose their course of action with the practitioner.
Over the past year, the relations between a massage therapist and a client has grown friendly. There are times when both parties talk during the massage session and sometimes things are shared that are beyond the regular scope of practice. Lately, the client, who openly talks about his financial success in business, has been having difficulties with the construction workers who are building the client’s dream home. The massage therapist, who lives in an apartment, has recently become irritated by the client’s personal problems and is having a difficult time performing her duties as a massage therapist.
Which of the following best describes the relationship?
- A . A dual relationship
- B . Transference
- C . Countertransference
- D . Indifference
C
Explanation:
Countertransference is when a practitioner projects feelings or emotions onto a client. In this case, the massage practitioner is most likely jealous of the client’s fortunes and has lost the ability to be a compassionate professional towards them. If this were a dual relationship, the two parties would be engaging each other outside of the treatment office.
The circadian rhythm is a biological clock that resets every 12 hours.
- A . TRUE
- B . false
B
Explanation:
The circadian rhythm is a term used to describe biological process that are governed by external factors like light and darkness or temperature. The circadian rhythm was first recorded in the 4th century BC and has been researched ever since. The evidence points to this clock being reset every 24 hours.
Which is an example of a triangular muscle?
- A . Frontalis
- B . Deltoid
- C . Soleus
- D . Masseter
B
Explanation:
It is important to know what the names of muscles refer to when remembering their locations. In this case, deltoid means triangular and, thus, the deltoid muscle is a triangular muscle.
While doing an assessment of hip flexion, requesting your client to flex their hip is an example of _______________ range of motion testing.
- A . active
- B . passive
- C . isometric
- D . eccentric
A
Explanation:
Testing the range of motion while the client is moving under their own power is known as an active range of motion test.
A hip joint that feels restricted and lacking in movement is considered hypermobile.
- A . TRUE
- B . FALSE
B
Explanation:
A joint that feels restricted and lacking in movement is hypomobile. A joint that is lax and loose would be hypermobile.
The dynamics between a client and a massage professional are complex, which creates an immediate _______________.
- A . friendship
- B . relationship
- C . power imbalance
- D . power equality
C
Explanation:
Power imbalances occur naturally when one person is perceived as being an authority over another in a certain situation. This is why the dynamics between a client and a professional of all backgrounds has the capability of becoming emotionally unbalanced if left unchecked.
Pulmonary circulation distributes blood, nutrients and gases throughout the body.
- A . TRUE
- B . False
B
Explanation:
Pulmonary circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart. This is different from the systemic circulation, which is responsible for distributing blood, nutrients, and gases throughout the entire body.
In systemic circulation, oxygenated blood is distributed from the heart to various parts of the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. This is the system that supplies the body ’ s organs and tissues with the oxygen and nutrients they need, and it works in conjunction with pulmonary circulation for the overall circulation in the body.
Where would you locate stratum lucidum?
- A . heart
- B . muscle
- C . skin
- D . bone
C
Explanation:
Stratum lucidum is a translucent buildup of two to three layers of dead skin cells typically found on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. Stratum lucidum is located between the deeper stratum granulosum and the more superficial stratum corneum layers of skin. The thickness of stratum layers of cells is governed by the rate of mitosis (cellular division.)
What does a visual assessment help determine?
- A . Neurological dysfunctions
- B . Soft tissue injuries
- C . Muscular and structural symmetry and deviations
- D . Painful movement patterns
C
Explanation:
A visual assessment can be a powerful tool in determining a client’s muscular and structural symmetry and deviation. The findings of the assessment help the massage therapist create effective treatment plans.
Which of the following best describes a massage therapist who routinely drapes clients in an immodest and unprofessional manner?
- A . The massage therapist needs additional training.
- B . The massage therapist is participating in a dual relationship.
- C . The massage therapists scope of practice needs to be redefined.
- D . The massage therapist has broken a code of ethics.
D
Explanation:
There are times when undraping sensitive areas for treatment is within the scope of practice of massage. However, a massage therapist who routinely drapes in an unprofessional manner is breaking a standard of conduct indicated in the massage code of ethics.
A massage therapist has created a beautiful and comfortable space for treatment. They have posted their rates in clear view on the wall and created a well thought out intake form. They are extra careful to be aware of informed consent and client disclosure, as well as following all state and federal laws for running a massage practice.
Which of the following best describes the guidance a massage therapist follows for establishing their practice.
- A . Confidentiality
- B . Framework
- C . Professional boundaries
- D . Personal boundaries
B
Explanation:
The question describes the fundamentals of framework. A framework is all encompassing within the massage field and includes the values and visions, conception, design and desires of a massage therapist as they apply to a business model. Developing a solid framework is essential to creating a
healthy and successful practice.
A crush or loving interest from a client is a natural occurrence.
- A . TRUE
- B . FALSE
A
Explanation:
A crush or love interest is a natural occurrence, especially when a massage therapist is viewed as safe, comforting and a truly caring individual. However, acting on these natural feelings oversteps the boundaries and threatens the very ethos of the healing culture of massage therapy.
There are two main roles between a therapist and a client. The first role is as a massage therapist and the second role is as ___________________.
- A . an instructor
- B . a counselor
- C . a professional
- D . a confidant
C
Explanation:
The second role, as a professional, is as important as the first role. One can be the greatest massage therapist in the world, but if the massage therapist does not abide by the guidelines, ethics and laws set forth for the profession, then the therapist can do more harm than good to those who seek their help.
A potential client calls to make an appointment for a massage. You notice that they are slurring their words and having difficulty speaking in complete sentences. They claim they were in an auto accident yesterday but declined medical attention. They awoke this morning feeling very sore and achy as well as having a pounding headache. They insist they need a massage.
What is the appropriate plan of action for the massage therapist?
- A . Book the appointment immediately
- B . Book them within next week
- C . Refer to another therapist
- D . Immediately refer them to a doctor
D
Explanation:
A person who has been in an auto accident could have any number of injuries including shock. For the safety of the client and your protection as a therapist, the best recommendation is to refer the client for a medical evaluation before any treatment is considered.
A 27 year old client presents with pins and needles type sensation around her elbow and down towards the back of her hand. Her profession is as a social worker and she is often faced with troubling scenarios. She has limited neck rotation range of motion and is taking quick, shallow breaths. Postural assessment does not show any obvious distortions.
Which nerve is responsible for the sensation in the client’s elbow and down towards the back of the hand?
- A . Radial
- B . Uinar
- C . Median
- D . Sciatic
A
Explanation:
The radial nerve runs a path from the brachial plexus between the scapula and the rib cage and through the tricep muscle along the posterior arm and through the extensors of the forearm and into the back of the hand.
A client is eating a snack while waiting for a massage in the waiting area and begins coughing and panicking, pointing to her throat. You ask if you can help, but the client is unable to speak.
What has most likely happened, and what should you do?
- A . Food is lodged in his esophagus and you should give him water to drink.
- B . Food is lodged in his esophagus and you should hit him sharply on the back to dislodge it.
- C . Food is lodged in his esophagus and you should immediately apply an abdominal thrust (Heimlich maneuver) to dislodge it.
- D . Food is lodged in his trachea and you should give him water to drink.
C
Explanation:
Foreign objects, including food, can become lodged in the larynx or trachea (windpipe). These can often be expelled by coughing. If the person can speak or make sounds, the airway is open and there is no emergency. If the person cannot breathe or speak, there is an immediate threat of death by asphyxiation and emergency measures are needed. The Heimlich maneuver is the correct first emergency remedial action to take.
What is the name of the joint where the clavicle and scapula meet?
- A . Acromioclavicular joint
- B . Sternoclavicular
- C . Coracoclavicular joint
- D . Humeroclavicular joint
A
Explanation:
The clavicle connects to the scapula at the acromion process and this juncture is called the acromioclavicular joint.
Which of the following muscles would contribute to wrist abduction?
- A . Brachioradialis
- B . Extensor carpi radialis
- C . Flexor diqitorum lonqus
- D . Extensor carpi ulnaris
B
Explanation:
Wrist abduction is another term for radial deviation of the wrist. Of the muscles listed, the extensor carpi radialis is the muscle responsible for wrist abduction, which is to laterally extend the wrist away from the body while in correct anatomical position.
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and _____________ make up the four majority elements in the human body.
- A . calcium
- B . [sodium
- C . potassium
- D . nitrogen
D
Explanation:
Elements are pure substances that are composed of a single type of atom. The fourth element missing from this statement is nitrogen, which is a key component of the amino acid chains that comprise proteins. Nitrogen is also found in the DNA and RNA of our gene codes.
A 43 year old female client presents with pain in the right hand with episodes of pins and needles and occasional numbness. Upon inspection you notice a slight bluish discoloration of her arm and sensitivities of her right anterior neck. She claims to be under a lot of stress at work and she has been working overtime lately at a desk job typing 8-10 hours a day.
What muscle group is directly contributing to this condition?
- A . SCM
- B . Flexors of the forearm
- C . Scalene muscles
- D . Braehioradialls
C
Explanation:
The brachial plexus is a nerve bundle that supplies the arm and hand. The root of the nerve innervates the scalene muscles where a hypertonicity can compress the nerve plexus as well as the subclavian artery and vein.
Applying force against an active movement by a client during an assessment is _______________.
- A . active ROM
- B . active-assisted ROM C.
- C . passive ROM
- D . resistive ROM
D
Explanation:
When a therapist applies force against an active movement during an assessment, they are providing resistive ROM. This is used to test for muscle strength and weakness.
Your last client of the day asks to treat you to a few drinks.
What is the correct response?
- A . Suggest another time
- B . Say "yes" as long as it is not too expensive
- C . End your professional relationship with them
- D . Decline the invitation in order to keep the relationship professional
D
Explanation:
The concern with fraternizing with clients outside of the therapeutic environment is to avoid the possibility of creating a dual relationship.
Which of the following massage techniques should not be offered in a medical massage office?
- A . Feldenkrais
- B . ITantric
- C . Neuromuscular
- D . Hellerwork
B
Explanation:
Among the options provided, Tantric massage is the one that is generally not appropriate to offer in a medical massage office. Here’s why:
What is the medical term for the shoulder joint?
- A . Facet joint
- B . Acromioclavicular joint
- C . Glenohumeral joint
- D . Humeroclavicular
C
Explanation:
The shoulder joint is comprised of the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus.
This juncture is called the glenohumeral joint.
With regard to range of motion testing, a hard end feel is typically a ____________ experience for a client.
- A . painless
- B . slightly painful
- C . moderately painful
- D . very painful
A
Explanation:
Hard end feel is the natural sensation at the end range of motion where bone meets bone such as elbow or knee extension. Since a hard end feel would indicate that the client’s joints are functioning normally, there would typically be no pain experienced.
The tendinoperiosteal junction is located between the muscle and tendon.
- A . TRUE
- B . FALSE
B
Explanation:
The tendinoperiosteal junction is located between tendon and bone.
The musculotendinous junction is located between muscular tendon and bone.
- A . TRUE
- B . FALSE
B
Explanation:
The musculotendinous junction is formed between the muscle and its respective tendon.
Which muscle does the radial nerve innervate?
- A . Biceps femoris
- B . Triceps
- C . Flexor diqitorum lonqus
- D . Pectorals major
B
Explanation:
The radial nerve innervates all muscles of the posterior arm and this includes the triceps muscle.
The main function of the epiglottis is to:
- A . Produce sound and vocalization
- B . Protect the airway during swallowing
- C . Deliver oxygen to the lungs
- D . Protect the esophagus during eating
B
Explanation:
The epiglottis is a fold of cartilaginous tissue located above the glottis in the pharynx. During normal swallowing the larynx moves upward and the epiglottis folds over the glottis. This prevents substances from entering the respiratory system.
During a range of motion assessment, the client contracts their muscles to prevent movement due to pain and discomfort. This is referred to as a/n ____________.
- A . empty end feel
- B . hard end feel
- C . gait assessment
- D . active resisted movement
D
Explanation:
During a range of motion assessment, when a client contracts their muscles to prevent movement due to pain and discomfort, it is referred to as an active resisted movement. Here’s why the other options don’t fit:
The cerebral cortex is responsible for ____________.
- A . consciousness
- B . hormone production
- C . regulating the heartbeat
- D . muscle motor functions
A
Explanation:
The cerebral cortex is the largest part of the brain and plays a key role in awareness, communication, consciousness and memory.
Which of the following muscles would contribute to wrist adduction?
- A . Extensor carpi radialis
- B . Extensor carpi ulnaris
- C . Flexor diqitorum profundus
- D . Extensor pollcis brevis
B
Explanation:
The extensor carpi ulnaris acts to both extend and adduct the wrist.
A client walks into your office with a slight limp. He states he is experiencing pain in his right hip. He also claims to not know the origin of his discomfort.
What is the best option to assess the relative discomfort that a client is experiencing?
- A . subjective pain scale
- B . objective pain scale
- C . passive range of motion testing
- D . active range of motion testing
A
Explanation:
A subjective pain scale is a useful assessment protocol to determine the relative discomfort that a client is currently experiencing. Often a scale between 1-5 or 1-10 is used with 1 being the lowest amount of discomfort and either 5 or 10 being an unbearable and extreme pain. Most often, a therapist wants to remain under 4 or 8 respectively for an effective yet comfortable treatment.
Boundaries are an integral aspect of the massage profession.
Which of the following is a core value of boundaries?
- A . Establishing integrity
- B . Demanding respect
- C . Gaining acknowledgment from our peers
- D . Expecting loyalty from clients
A
Explanation:
Having concise and clear boundaries is the best way to eliminate confusion and gain trust from a client, and in doing so the massage therapist establishes integrity.
What is another name for the alimentary canal?
- A . Ear canal
- B . Digestive tract
- C . Hepatic portal vein
- D . Nasal cavity
B
Explanation:
The alimentary canal is the passageway from the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and ends at the anus. This canal is also the digestive tract.
Which of the four quad muscles is the largest in size?
- A . Rectus femoris
- B . Vastus lateralis
- C . Vastus intermedius
- D . Vast medialis
B
Explanation:
The vastus lateralis is the largest quadriceps muscle with its origin starting superiorly to the intertrochanteric line and inserting into the lateral border of the patella.
Celiac refers to which location in the body?
- A . Abdomen
- B . Mouth
- C . Brain
- D . Chest
A
Explanation:
The term celiac describes the location of the abdomen and is used to describe the location of nerves as in the celiac plexus or the location of cardiovascular tissue as in the celiac artery. Celiac disease denotes the location of the disease located in the abdominal region.
Which muscle would be shortened in a client with an increased lordotic curvature?
- A . qluteals
- B . trapezius
- C . scalenes
- D . psoas
D
Explanation:
Lordosis is a condition of the lumbar spine which causes and anteriorly rotated pelvis. The anterior rotation causes the hip flexors to tighten which includes a shortening of the psoas muscle.
A client has recently been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism.
Which of the following symptoms would you expect to notice about the client?
- A . Nervousness
- B . Fatigue and dullness
- C . Weight gain
- D . Sensitivity to cold
A
Explanation:
Nervousness, a racing heart, trembling hands and anxiety are all common symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is an overproduction of thyroid hormones which speed up chemical processes and metabolism within the body. The other answers are symptoms of hypothyroidism.
A massage therapist has worked with a particular client for over a year now. In the last couple of massages, the therapist has noticed a shift in the way the client responds to the treatment but is not able to discern anything specific.
What could the massage therapist do to help the situation with the client?
- A . Talk with the client about intimacy issues.
- B . Be sure to adjust body language towards the client.
- C . Refer to a peer for support.
- D . Sign up for a continuing education class to deal with the client
C
Explanation:
Discussing the issue with a peer is the best step towards gaining an unbiased view of the situation. The other choices signal that the therapist has made an assumption about the dynamics surrounding the client’s behavior.
Which activity is likely to cause the most lactic acid build up in a client?
- A . A long car ride
- B . Walking up stairs
- C . A long walk
- D . Sprinting
D
Explanation:
Lactic acid buildup occurs when the demand for energy exceeds the tissues ability to process the metabolic waste. Sprinting is the only activity mentioned that can create this scenario.
The medulla oblongata and pons are part of which section of the brain?
- A . Brain stem
- B . Cerebellum
- C . Diencephaion
- D . Cerebrum
A
Explanation:
The brain stem which provides the sensory and motor innervations of the face and neck consists of three parts: the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain.
_____________ are the smallest blood vessels.
- A . Arteries
- B . Venules
- C . Capillaries
- D . Arterioles
C
Explanation:
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels with endothelial linings that are only one cell thick. This allows for the transfer of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste between the blood and surrounding tissues.
The linea aspera is located on which of the following bones?
- A . Humerus
- B . Tibia
- C . Uina
- D . Femur
D
Explanation:
The linea aspera is comprised of three raised ridges along the posterior aspect of the femur. These ridges include a lateral, intermediate and medial and are caused by the insertion of muscles along each line.
What is the outside membrane of the myelin sheath called?
- A . Astrocyte
- B . endroglia
- C . Axons
- D . Neurilemma
D
Explanation:
The outside layer of the myelin sheath is called the neurilemma.
Bones, ligaments, blood vessels and nerves are known as ____________.
- A . contractile tissues
- B . nert tissues
- C . soft tissues
- D . hard tissues
B
Explanation:
Inert tissues are those that are not contractile such as bone, bursa, blood vessels, cartilage, fat, ligaments, nerves and nerve coverings.
A client has been diagnosed with a grade 3 chronic pain disorder, what would you expect to see in the client?
- A . Low disability – high intensity
- B . High disability- moderately limiting
- C . High disability – highly
- D . Low disability – low intensity
C
Explanation:
Chronic pain grades are generally classified based on the intensity of the pain and the level of disability it causes. Here is a general guideline:
Grade 1: Low disability – low intensity
Grade 2: Low disability – high intensity
Grade 3: High disability – moderately limiting
Grade 4: High disability – severely limiting
For grade 3 chronic pain disorder, a person would generally experience high disability, which significantly limits their daily activities, and the pain intensity would also be quite high. Therefore, "High disability – highly" would be a fitting description for a grade 3 chronic pain disorder, indicating a higher level of disability and intense pain.
Extensor pollicis longus attaches to which of the following digits?
- A . Pinky
- B . Ring
- C . Index
- D . Thumb
D
Explanation:
A pollicis is another term for thumb. Any question that includes the term pollicis will relate to the thumb.
What does muscle tone relate to?
- A . Muscle laxity
- B . Muscle deformity
- C . Muscle contraction
- D . Muscle atrophy
C
Explanation:
Muscle tone relates to a continuous muscle contraction that resists stretching or elongation during a resting state. In other words, muscle tone describes a muscle that is unable to relax.
A client with a valgus deformity is also described as being ____________.
- A . knock kneed
- B . pigeon toed
- C . hump backed
- D . double jointed
A
Explanation:
A valgum deformity is an outward angulation of the distal segment of a joint or bone. In other words, the knees will be angled medially and the feet will be angled laterally. Reverse this scenario to laterally angled knees and medially angled feet and you will see a varum deformity also known as bow legged.
When a client asks for personal information about their friend which happens to be a client, the correct response should be _______________.
- A . to discuss the details
- B . to end the conversation
- C . to tell them some but not all details
- D . to find a way to turn the focus back on them
D
Explanation:
When a client asks about the private matters of a common client/friend, they are trying to fill a gap that a massage therapist, as a professional, should not fill. The massage therapist may think the client making the request for information will respect the therapist for divulging privileged information but they will ultimately grow to distrust the therapist’s adherence to client confidentiality. The best answer is one that puts the focus back on them.