Question #1
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of a real-time OSPF debug
Which statement is false?
- A . A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output
- B . The Hello packet is being sent from an OSPF router with ID 0.0.0.112.
- C . The two FortiGate devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0.
- D . One FortiGate device is configured to require authentication, while the other is not
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
Examine the OSPF debug output:
The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as 0.0.0.112.
It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from 0.0.0.112 via port2:192.168.37.114.
The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).
Check the area configuration:
The area ID is shown as 0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0.
Authentication mismatch:
The debug output indicates an "Authentication type mismatch". This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.
Password configuration:
The statement claiming that "A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output" is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation OSPF Configuration Guides
A
Explanation:
Examine the OSPF debug output:
The OSPF Hello packet debug output shows the Router ID as 0.0.0.112.
It shows that the OSPF packet is being sent from 0.0.0.112 via port2:192.168.37.114.
The OSPF Hello packet contains information such as the network mask (255.255.255.0), hello interval (10), router priority (1), dead interval (40), and designated router (192.168.37.114) and backup designated router (192.168.37.115).
Check the area configuration:
The area ID is shown as 0.0.0.0, indicating that the two devices attempting adjacency are in area 0.0.0.0.
Authentication mismatch:
The debug output indicates an "Authentication type mismatch". This means one device is configured to require authentication while the other is not.
Password configuration:
The statement claiming that "A password has been configured on the local OSPF router but is not shown in the output" is false because the output indicates an authentication mismatch, not the presence or absence of a password. The other statements are true based on the provided debug output.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation OSPF Configuration Guides
Question #2
Which of the following regarding protocol states is true?
- A . proto_state=00 indicates that UDP traffic flows in both directions.
- B . proto_state-01 indicates an established TCP session.
- C . proto_state=10 indicates an established TCP session.
- D . proto state=01 indicates one-way ICMP traffic.
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
Understanding protocol states:
proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.
proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.
proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.
proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.
Explanation of correct answer
proto_state=10 is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation
C
Explanation:
Understanding protocol states:
proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.
proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.
proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.
proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.
Explanation of correct answer
proto_state=10 is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation
Question #3
Which statement is correct regarding LDAP authentication using the regular bind type?
- A . The regular bind type goes through four steps to successfully authenticate a user.
- B . The regular bind type cannot be used if users are authenticated using sAMAccountName.
- C . The regular bind type is the easiest bind type to configure on FortiOS.
- D . The regular bind type requires a FortiGate super_admin account.
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
LDAP Authentication Process:
The regular bind type for LDAP authentication involves multiple steps to verify user credentials.
Step 1: The client sends a bind request with the username to the LDAP server.
Step 2: The LDAP server responds to the bind request.
Step 3: The client sends a bind request with the password.
Step 4: The LDAP server responds, confirming or denying the authentication.
Explanation of Answer.
The regular bind type follows these four steps to authenticate a user, making it a comprehensive method but not necessarily the easiest to configure.
The statement regarding sAMAccountName and super_admin account requirements are not accurate in the context of regular bind type LDAP authentication on FortiOS.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation FortiOS LDAP Authentication Configuration Guides
A
Explanation:
LDAP Authentication Process:
The regular bind type for LDAP authentication involves multiple steps to verify user credentials.
Step 1: The client sends a bind request with the username to the LDAP server.
Step 2: The LDAP server responds to the bind request.
Step 3: The client sends a bind request with the password.
Step 4: The LDAP server responds, confirming or denying the authentication.
Explanation of Answer.
The regular bind type follows these four steps to authenticate a user, making it a comprehensive method but not necessarily the easiest to configure.
The statement regarding sAMAccountName and super_admin account requirements are not accurate in the context of regular bind type LDAP authentication on FortiOS.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation FortiOS LDAP Authentication Configuration Guides
Question #4
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate has already been configured with a firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic to flow from port1 to port3.
Which changes must the administrator perform to ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 receives the echo reply from the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24?
- A . Enable asymmetric routing under config system settings.
- B . Modify the default gateway on the laptop from 10.1.0.2 to 10.2.0.2
- C . A firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
- D . Change the configuration from strict RPF check mode to feasible RPF check mode
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
Current Configuration Analysis:
The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.
However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.
Required Configuration:
To ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.
The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
Steps to Configure:
Access the FortiGate configuration interface.
Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.
Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides
C
Explanation:
Current Configuration Analysis:
The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.
However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.
Required Configuration:
To ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.
The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
Steps to Configure:
Access the FortiGate configuration interface.
Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.
Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides
Question #5
Which two conditions would prevent a static route from being added to the routing table? (Choose two.)
- A . The next-hop IP address is unreachable.
- B . The interface specified in the route configuration is down
- C . The route has a lower priority value than another route to the same destination.
- D . There is another other route to the same destination, with a lower distance.
Correct Answer: AB
AB
Explanation:
Next-hop IP address:
For a static route to be added to the routing table, the next-hop IP address must be reachable. If it is not reachable, the route cannot be considered valid and will not be added.
Interface status:
If the interface specified in the static route configuration is down, the route will not be added to the routing table. The interface must be up and operational for the route to be valid.
Priority and Distance:
While priority and administrative distance affect route selection, they do not prevent a route from being added to the routing table. Instead, they influence which route is preferred when multiple routes to the same destination exist.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation Routing Configuration and Troubleshooting Guides
AB
Explanation:
Next-hop IP address:
For a static route to be added to the routing table, the next-hop IP address must be reachable. If it is not reachable, the route cannot be considered valid and will not be added.
Interface status:
If the interface specified in the static route configuration is down, the route will not be added to the routing table. The interface must be up and operational for the route to be valid.
Priority and Distance:
While priority and administrative distance affect route selection, they do not prevent a route from being added to the routing table. Instead, they influence which route is preferred when multiple routes to the same destination exist.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation Routing Configuration and Troubleshooting Guides
Question #6
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time RADIUS debug.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
- A . The RADIUS server queried for authentication is located at IP address 172.25.188.164.
- B . Authentication was unsuccessful.
- C . The authentication scheme used was pop3.
- D . Authentication was successful
- E . Two-factor authentication was required.
Correct Answer: AB
AB
Explanation:
RADIUS Server IP Address:
The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server at IP=172.25.188.164. This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.
Authentication Result:
The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server: Result for radius svr ‘RadiusServer’ 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of 0 typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.
Authentication Scheme:
The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).
Two-factor Authentication:
There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides
AB
Explanation:
RADIUS Server IP Address:
The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server at IP=172.25.188.164. This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.
Authentication Result:
The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server: Result for radius svr ‘RadiusServer’ 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of 0 typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.
Authentication Scheme:
The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).
Two-factor Authentication:
There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides
Question #7
Which three conditions are required for two FortiGate devices to form an OSPF adjacency? (Choose three.)
- A . OSPF link costs match.
- B . OSPF interface priority settings are unique
- C . OSPF interface network types match
- D . Authentication settings match.
- E . OSPF router IDs are unique.
Correct Answer: CDE
CDE
Explanation:
OSPF Interface Network Types:
The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).
Authentication Settings:
Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.
OSPF Router IDs:
Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router’s interfaces or manually configured.
Link Costs and Interface Priority:
While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation OSPF Configuration Guides
CDE
Explanation:
OSPF Interface Network Types:
The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).
Authentication Settings:
Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.
OSPF Router IDs:
Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router’s interfaces or manually configured.
Link Costs and Interface Priority:
While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation OSPF Configuration Guides
Question #8
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of a diagnose command.
Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A . The remote gateway IP is 10.200.5.1.
- B . The remote gateway has quick more selectors containing a destination subnet of 10.1.2.0/24.
- C . DPD is disabled.
- D . Anti-replay is enabled.
Correct Answer: A, D
A, D
Explanation:
Remote Gateway IP:
The output shows 10.200.5.1 as the remote gateway IP, confirming that this is the IP address of the remote gateway involved in the IPsec VPN tunnel.
Quick Mode Selectors:
The quick mode selectors specify the subnets involved in the VPN. The output shows src:
0:10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0:0 and dst: 0:10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0:0, indicating the subnets being tunneled.
DPD (Dead Peer Detection):
DPD is shown as mode=on-demand on=1 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=0, indicating that DPD is enabled in on-demand mode.
Anti-replay:
The output includes replaywin=2048 and replaywin_lastseq=00000000, which are indicators that
anti-replay protection is enabled for the IPsec tunnel.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation VPN Configuration and Diagnostic Guides
A, D
Explanation:
Remote Gateway IP:
The output shows 10.200.5.1 as the remote gateway IP, confirming that this is the IP address of the remote gateway involved in the IPsec VPN tunnel.
Quick Mode Selectors:
The quick mode selectors specify the subnets involved in the VPN. The output shows src:
0:10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0:0 and dst: 0:10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0:0, indicating the subnets being tunneled.
DPD (Dead Peer Detection):
DPD is shown as mode=on-demand on=1 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=0, indicating that DPD is enabled in on-demand mode.
Anti-replay:
The output includes replaywin=2048 and replaywin_lastseq=00000000, which are indicators that
anti-replay protection is enabled for the IPsec tunnel.
Reference: Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation VPN Configuration and Diagnostic Guides
Question #9
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a session table entry.
Which statement about FortiGate behavior relating to this session is true?
- A . FortiGate forwarded this session without any inspection.
- B . FortiGate is performing a security profile inspection using the CPU.
- C . FortiGate redirected the client to the captive portal to authenticate, so that a correct policy match could be made.
- D . FortiGate applied only IPS inspection to this session.
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
The session table entry provided shows detailed information about a specific network session passing through the FortiGate device. From the session details, we can see that the session has various attributes such as state, protocol, policy, and inspection details.
The session state (proto_state=11) indicates that the session is being actively processed and inspected.
The npd_state=00000000 suggests that the session is being handled by the CPU rather than offloaded to a Network Processor (NP).
The session is marked for security profile inspection, evident from the detailed byte/packet counts and other session parameters.
From these indicators, it’s clear that FortiGate is using its CPU to perform security profile inspection on this session rather than simply forwarding the traffic without inspection or relying solely on IPS inspection.
Reference: Fortinet Documentation on Session Table
Fortinet Community Discussion on Session Table
B
Explanation:
The session table entry provided shows detailed information about a specific network session passing through the FortiGate device. From the session details, we can see that the session has various attributes such as state, protocol, policy, and inspection details.
The session state (proto_state=11) indicates that the session is being actively processed and inspected.
The npd_state=00000000 suggests that the session is being handled by the CPU rather than offloaded to a Network Processor (NP).
The session is marked for security profile inspection, evident from the detailed byte/packet counts and other session parameters.
From these indicators, it’s clear that FortiGate is using its CPU to perform security profile inspection on this session rather than simply forwarding the traffic without inspection or relying solely on IPS inspection.
Reference: Fortinet Documentation on Session Table
Fortinet Community Discussion on Session Table
Question #10
What is the diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5 command used for?
- A . To disable the IPS engine
- B . To provide information regarding IPS sessions
- C . To restart all IPS engines and monitors
- D . To enable IPS bypass mode
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
The command diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5 is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.
Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.
This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.
C
Explanation:
The command diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5 is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.
Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.
This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.