In an RSN requiring low-latency reassociations and no fast secure roaming protocols, what security solutions are ideal for protecting VoWiFi communication? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . WPA2-Personal
- B . WPA-Personal
- C . WPA2-Enterprise
- D . WEP
- E . 802.1X/EAP
To increase capacity in a coverage-based wireless network, which of the following techniques are typically recommended? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . Maximize airtime usage by disabling lower data rates.
- B . Add additional APs and use directional antennas.
- C . Turn up power on the access points.
- D . Lower power on the access points and, after careful planning, add more AP
Who should be in the final meeting from the customer-side after successfully implementing a WLAN infrastructure?
- A . CEO or CFO
- B . End-users
- C . The customer’s customers
- D . Remote workers
SSID hiding is not generally recommended because some frames require inclusion of the SSID. In what frames is the SSID always included?
- A . Beacon
- B . Association request
- C . Probe response
- D . Probe request
- E . Authentication response
Given: You are evaluating the theoretical and real-world RF gain benefits of transmit and receive features introduced by 802.11 with MIMO. This exercise allows you to quantify the features value in a real-world environment.
What is the maximum theoretical signal gain of chip-based TxBF and MRC (as features) when compared to the same AP using only a single antenna for transmit and receive (effectively simulating a 1×1 chip)?
- A . 2 Rx or Tx chains = 3 dBi gain 3 Rx or Tx chains = approx 5 dBi gain 4 Rx or Tx chains = 6 dBi gain
- B . 2 Rx or Tx chains = 1 dBi gain 3 Rx or Tx chains = 2 dBi gain 4 Rx or Tx chains = 3 dBi gain
- C . 2 Rx or Tx chains = 3 dBi gain 3 Rx or Tx chains = 6 dBi gain 4 Rx or Tx chains = 9 dBi gain
- D . 2 Rx or Tx chains = approx 4-6.5 dBi gain 3 Rx or Tx chains = approx 7-10 dBi gain
What functions may be performed by a WIPS? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . Distributed protocol analysis
- B . Client access to the distribution system
- C . Performance monitoring and response
- D . Data forensics and analysis
- E . Automated threat mitigation
What are the two types of WLAN discovery/scanning?
- A . Manual
- B . Hidden
- C . Active
- D . Passive
- E . Probe
- F . Automatic
A museum wants to offer Wi-Fi to its visitors. One of their requirements is to have the APs blend into the design of the museum.
What should you do to meet this requirement?
- A . Use a plastic cover that could blend in with the environment
- B . Lock the AP inside of a metal box
- C . Place the APs in between walls and I-beams
- D . Use an 802.11b AP, so it looks old enough to be in a museum
What architecture suffers the biggest limitation for sharing control information across APs?
- A . Independent autonomous
- B . Centralized
- C . Cooperative autonomous
- D . Controller
- E . Distributed
While performing a validation site survey, you realize that overlapping channels are being used on the 2.4 GHz bad due to the automatic channel assignment algorithm of the WLAN infrastructure.
What should you do to prevent this?
- A . Reconfigure the network to use static channel plans because automatic channel assignment algorithms are all broken
- B . Purchase and deploy new APs from a different vendor
- C . Reconfigure the automatic channel assignment settings to use only channels 1, 6, and 11
- D . Leave it as it is; sometimes using all 11 channels in 2.4 GHz gives the optimum performance result
After designing a WLAN infrastructure using predictive design software.
What’s the best way to validate the predictive design in the physical space before deployment, if time and budget allow for it?
- A . Perform an AP-on-a-Stick survey using AP locations based upon the predictive design to confirm each AP’s placement.
- B . Deploy all of the APs as they’re shown in the predictive design and perform a passive site survey.
- C . Deploy all of the APs as they’re shown in the predictive design and perform an active site survey.
- D . Use a client device positioned where the APs will be installed and measure the signal from the client device.
Of the following antenna connector types, which one is the smallest?
- A . RP-TNC
- B . MC Connector
- C . N Connector
- D . Male N Connector
Which document provided to your customer should include all devices and parts that are going to be used during the deployment of their WLAN infrastructure?
- A . SoW
- B . BoM
- C . Design report
- D . Project plan
An associated STA detects a new BSS with the same SSID as the STA’s current BSS. The new BSS uses a different IP subnet than the current BSS.
If the STA is configured to use 802.1X/EAP preauthentication, what is likely to occur?
- A . The STA will not attempt to preauthenticate because the new BSS uses a different IP subnet.
- B . The STA will attempt to preauthenticate, but fail because the new BSS uses a different data-link broadcast domain.
- C . The STA will attempt to preauthenticate and succeed if DHCP is supported on the new subnet.
- D . The STA will attempt to preauthenticate and succeed if IP Mobility is enabled on the AP or WLAN
controller.
A business traveler from North America is in Europe. The hotel only provides coverage in 2.4 GHz. The traveler connects to the hotel’s SSID and notices an AP in the hotel room.
However, the laptop reports a very low RSSI when connected. The traveler does not have the same problem when connecting in the lobby.
What would be the most likely cause of the low RSSI in the hotel room?
- A . The AP in the room is transmitting on channel 13 and the traveler associated to a non-channel 13 AP located elsewhere.
- B . The AP in the room is using Bluetooth instead of Wi-Fi.
- C . The AP in the room is using ZigBee instead of Wi-Fi.
- D . The switchport that the AP is connected to is only capable of transmitting at 10 Mbps.
A wireless network with fewer APs at higher power levels to cover a large area is said to be which of the following?
- A . Capacity based
- B . Coverage based
- C . Destined for failure
- D . Ideal for roaming
In a manufacturing facility with highly reflective materials, you are planning an upgrade to your existing 802.11b WLAN implementation. You have chosen a dual- band 802.11n infrastructure product for this purpose.
Your client applications include:
– Handheld scanners for inventory management
– Toughbooks (laptops) mounted on forklifts for inventory and workflow management
– VoWiFi phones used by select employees throughout the facility
You are evaluating all of the 802.11n enhancements and determining which features to enable for your environment and applications.
In this scenario, what 802.11n enhancement typically should NOT be enabled on the 2.4 GHz radio of the new APs?
- A . Multiple streams
- B . Short guard intervals
- C . Block Acknowledgments
- D . Frame aggregation
Given: As the wireless network administrator for XYZ Company, you are planning to upgrade your aging wireless network infrastructure, as well as some clients, to support 802.11ac. In your research, you have discovered that your new wireless client devices and infrastructure are 802.11ac,
WMM, and WMM-PS certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Some of your existing client devices are 802.11a/b/g devices that do not support WMM.
Given this information, what scenario is possible when your company’s employees begin using both types of client devices on the new WLAN?
- A . All WMM-PS certified client devices will be prevented from utilizing WMM-PS features until all stations in use on the wireless medium are WMM-PS certified.
- B . The WLAN infrastructure will set the dozing times of the WMM-PS certified client devices based upon their WMM access category, while the non-WMM-PS client devices will continue to use PS-Poll frames.
- C . Performance and battery life will be inconsistent between WMM-PS and non-WMM-PS client devices when used with applications that
support WMM-PS. - D . WMM-PS enabled APs will allow both WMM-PS and non-WMM-PS stations to use the trigger-and-delivery mechanism, but WMM-PS stations wil
During a post-deployment verification, you are requested to troubleshoot an area where users are experiencing poor throughput. They are using data communication only, mainly from laptops. You captured the frame showing an incorrect FCS. This frame is typical of those that were captured by the analyzer.
What does this frame reveal about the RF network in this area?
- A . One station seems to be streaming video, thus may have reserved significant bandwidth via admission control
- B . Contention Free is in place in this network, which may starve some non-QoS stations from access
- C . Multipath or excessive collisions seem to be an issue in this area
- D . The AP seems to be too far to provide enough coverage to this area
You are testing a VoWLAN deployment, and your communication measurements show a certain amount of lost packets.
What would be an acceptable packet error rate value to still provide acceptable call quality?
- A . There should be 0% error in a VoWLAN type of deployment
- B . No more than 1% PER max should be acceptable
- C . No more than 4% PER max should be acceptable
- D . No more than 8% PER max should be acceptable
The thermal noise is at 174 dBm/Hz. A spectrum analyzer has a resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz and a 5 dB noise figure.
What is the level of the noise floor?
- A . 174 dBm
- B . 139 dBm
- C . 144 dBm
- D . 204 dBm
In this question, you will compare the mobility processes of a network that supports WPA2-Personal and WPA2-Enterprise. Assume the use of a 15-character ASCII passphrase for WPA2-Personal and EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2 with WPA2-Enterprise. Also, assume that proprietary roaming protocols are not supported.
When a device transitions from one BSS to another within the same ESS, what step must be performed in the WPA2-Enterprise transition that are not performed in the WPA2-Personal transition?
- A . Open System Authentication
- B . 802.11 Reassociation
- C . 802.1X authentication
- D . 4-Way Handshake
Which definition correctly describes the "local MAC" variation of the centralized WLAN architecture?
- A . All MAC functions are performed by the AP. A minimal subset of network control is offloaded to the WLAN controller along with management and monitoring functions.
- B . PHY functions are performed directly by the AP. MAC functions are divided almost equally between the WLAN controller and the AP, according to the time sensitivity of the feature or service.
- C . The AP provides the RF termination point for the WLAN, but performs very few of the WLAN functions or services. The WLAN controller performs all MAC functions and the AP is very simple and lightweight.
- D . All RF-, data-, and control-related WLAN functions are performed by the AP. APs coordinate network services with one another and are managed by a WNMS,
In what circumstance would you not enable DFS channels on a WLAN infrastructure?
- A . In any stadium
- B . In any office complex
- C . In an airport
- D . In any home office
While configuring your site survey software for an upcoming manual survey project, you notice the configuration option for "Network Card Simulation".
What is the purpose of such a feature and when would you use it?
- A . This setting allows the site survey software to convert the APs measured downlink RF data into a simulated data set as if the same data were transmitted by a specific client station. It is useful for determining uplink client performance when clients are located far from APs as well as projecting cell size for ad hoc networks.
- B . Since WLAN adapters are not typically calibrated by manufacturers, this setting is a form of software calibration in which you can calibrate an (uncalibrated) adapter to match one of the calibrated adapters shown in the list. This process improves the reliability of RF data collection and reporting when uncalibrated adapters are used.
- C . This is the configuration area in which you specify the adapter type that will be used for the site survey so that the survey software can interpret that adapters reported metrics (based on proprietary formulas) into an RF measurement that is standardized by the survey software and known to its users. This is done
Modulation can be defined as:
- A . The process of incorporating a chipping code to build resilience
- B . The process of encoding data symbols using a carrier frequency
- C . The process of modifying a carrier signal to represent data
- D . The process of representing data using RF coding
One of your warehouse customers called you reporting problems with their WLAN in some locations that you designed and installed over a year ago.
What should be one of your first considerations for your line of questioning?
- A . DHCP lease exhaustion
- B . Changes in receive gain
- C . Inventory changes
- D . Rogue APs from neighbors
You are on site, planning a network at a freight shipping company on a busy harbor. Since the preliminary WLAN design specifies support for the 5 GHz spectrum, you would like to test for radar pulses to determine if DFS channels should be supported at this facility. As a part of your spectral survey with a laptop-based analyzer, you include DFS testing to identify the presence of radar. This is done by manually observing Real-time FFT, Duty Cycle, and Active Devices charts of the spectrum analyzer software.
What potential drawback is present with this DFS test method?
- A . Many WLAN products that support DFS channels report several false positives. Ideally, the actual WLAN equipment used in the deployment should be used to test for DFS.
- B . Some sources of 5 GHz radar, such as military ships, are mobile in nature. A longer, automated test setup should be used to identify the presence or absence of radar.
- C . Manual identification of radar pulses using spectrum analysis charts can be very difficult due to radar’s low amplitude at the Wi-Fi receiver.
- D . Modern spectrum analyzer adapters do not provide the necessary bandwidth resolution required to detect and measure radar signatures.
You’re about to deploy an Enterprise-class VoWLAN infrastructure. You need to ensure that QoS is properly configured throughout the network.
What Access Category (AC) should voice frames/packets use?A. AC_VI
B. AC_VO
C. AC_BE
D. AC_BK
You are using site software design features. You have imported a floor plan, but the simulated RF coverage is nowhere close to the real RF coverage you see with a walkabout.
Given that the simulation is significantly different, when step was likely missed when using the software?
- A . Conversion to DWG
- B . Conversion to PNG
- C . Adding extra APs to simulate interference
- D . Calibration
What statements are true regarding jitter and latency? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . Jitter is a measurement of the variance of the number of frames received from an application for a specific time interval.
- B . Jitter is a measurement of latency variability from one frame to another.
- C . Latency is a measurement of the time delay experienced in the delivery of a frame.
- D . Latency is a measurement of the time required to transmit two subsequent frames.
- E . Jitter is a measurement of average latency based on a sample of >100 frames.
What VoWiFi implementations frequently require multicast packet delivery support by the WLAN infrastructure?
- A . All VoWiFi implementations
- B . Push-to-Talk VoWiFi phones
- C . All VoWiFi soft phones
- D . All VoWiFi hard phones
What factors are key features when designing a guest network for a large enterprise? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . 802.11n
- B . Rate limiting
- C . 802.1X security
- D . Traffic tunneling or anchoring
- E . SSID segmentation
A business traveler from North America is in Europe. The hotel only provides coverage in 2.4 GHz. The traveler connects to the hotel’s SSID and notices an AP in the hotel room. However, the laptop reports a very low RSSI when connected. The traveler does not have the same problem when connecting in the lobby.
What would be the most likely cause of the low RSSI in the hotel room?
- A . The AP in the room is using ZigBee instead of Wi-Fi.
- B . The AP in the room is transmitting on channel 13 and the traveler associated to a non-channel 13 AP located elsewhere.
- C . The switchport that the AP is connected to is only capable of transmitting at 10 Mbps.
- D . The AP in the room is using Bluetooth instead of Wi-Fi.
ABC Company has a WLAN controller with 10 controller-based APs; the Voice SSID is configured for centralized data forwarding. Each AP is connected to an access port on a layer-2 Ethernet switch. Each layer-2 switch is uplinked to a single layer-3 core Ethernet switch. The WLAN controller is connected directly to the layer-3 core Ethernet switch. Layer-3 tunnels are created between all controller-based APs and the WLAN controller. A voice server is connected to the layer-3 Ethernet switch.
When a voice-enabled QoS STA sends an IP data packet to a voice server in this scenario, the DSCP value carried in the STA’s IP data packet gets mapped to what and by which device?
- A . The DSCP value is mapped to an IEEE 802.1Q priority tag value by the WLAN controller.
- B . The DSCP value is mapped to the DSCP value in the encapsulating IP header by the layer-3 switch.
- C . The DSCP value is mapped to an IEEE 802.1p (802.1D-2004) UP value by the access point.
- D . The DSCP value is mapped to an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tag by the access point.
What important item is often left out of operational and maintenance plans?
- A . Syslog analysis
- B . Network overview
- C . Engineering feedback
- D . Configuration backups
In the enterprise, when is WPA/WPA2-Personal generally a recommended solution? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . When client devices do not support 802.1X/EAP
- B . When mobile device applications require high-latency roaming times between APs
- C . When client devices are provisioned in bulk and would otherwise share 802.1X credentials
- D . When the network security policy demands that each user have unique access credentials
During your first pre-deployment meeting with the deployment team, you hand out the full design documentation to all of them.
What’s your primary goal during this meeting?
- A . To explain design decisions and ensure understanding of design documents.
- B . To discuss AP functionality.
- C . To explain how Wi-Fi works.
- D . To justify the budget.
What kind of antenna results in a nearly circular pattern on the azimuth chart but a very flat donut shape on the elevation chart?
- A . High gain omni-directional
- B . 20 degree vertical yagi
- C . 120 degree horizontal sector
- D . 60 degree horizontal patch
Given: For this fill-in the blank question, each answer option contains an answer for the first and second blanks, separated by a dash "―". Choose the answer option that correctly fills in both blanks in the following sentence.
A WLAN may use 802.11 admission control to ________, and admission control requirements are configured separately for each ________.
- A . Block stations with inadequate security parameters ― SSID
- B . Identify voice-enabled wireless devices ― AP radio (that is, 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz)
- C . Regulate the available bandwidth resources ― Access Category
- D . Mark ingress and egress frames with priority values ― TCP/IP port
For what types of systems should you request read-only access to in order to perform an analysis of the customer’s existing infrastructure? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . Clients
- B . RADIUS
- C . Switches
- D . Active Directory
- E . Routers Directory
- F . Routers
What strategy can be used to ensure efficient cell overlap for VoIP site surveys?
- A . Measure the percentage of cell overlap using the cell overlap feature in the site survey software.
- B . Increase the output power of the radio in all APs.
- C . Install higher gain antennas in the APs.
- D . Ensure at least two APs can be seen with appropriate signal strengths from each location.
How are EAP messages transported over 802.11 wireless LANS?
- A . EAP-Fast
- B . PEAP
- C . EAPOL
- D . EAP_TLS
As a device starts to shift to lower PHY rates, what factors usually influence a device decision to shift to lower PHY rates? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . Signal degradation
- B . Packet loss
- C . Interference
- D . Retransmissions
In high-density environments, such as stadiums and convention centers, what extra factor has to be taken into account that can attenuate Wi-Fi signals when these environments are having an event?
- A . Thick walls
- B . I-Beams
- C . People
- D . Fire doors
In your company’s WLAN, you expect to have a mixed client PHY environment and plan to use protection mechanisms. The protection mechanism used by your client devices is configurable.
What is the best protection mechanism for backward compatibility of 802.11n devices with 802.11b devices?
- A . WMM Protection
- B . SMPS
- C . CTS-to-Self
- D . Dual-CTS
- E . RTS/CTS
What is the chip rate of 1 Mbps 802.11b?
- A . 11 Mchips/s
- B . 2 Mchips/s
- C . 1 Mchip/s
- D . 22 Mchips/s
What is the purpose of DHCP Option 43, and how is it used with WLANs?
- A . It provides clients with a temporary IP address on a restricted VLAN until 802.1X authentication is completed. Then the client receives its long-term IP address.
- B . It provides IP address bindings for specific network nodes that require long-term IP address assignments. WLAN controllers are configured to use Option 43 to receive long-term IP address leases that are centrally managed with DHCP.
- C . It supports vendor-specific IP address attributes for node discovery purposes. APs use Option 43 with vendor class identifiers to obtain the IP address of a centralized WLAN controller.
- D . It integrates a DHCP server with AAA servers and user databases to dynamically assign IP addresses to client devices. During 802.1X, the AAA server uses
For what purposes are VPNs typically used in modern WLANs? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . Remote AP tunneling to a corporate WLAN controller or VPN concentrator
- B . Client device connectivity to corporate resources from unsecured public networks
- C . Initial 802.11 authentication with the AP and subsequent data encryption
- D . Tunneling APs and WLAN controllers to cloud-based management platforms
- E . Tunneling APs and WLAN controllers to RADIUS and token servers
- F . Bridging client connectivity in ad hoc networks
You are conducting a physical site survey where heavy machinery is repaired.
What is a common item required specifically for this type of survey?
- A . Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- B . Low gain antennas
- C . Low power APs
- D . Indoor APs
When designing a WLAN to support voice in a large office, which design element is of the highest concern for performance?
- A . Frequency Selection
- B . Roaming
- C . AP vendor
- D . Band steering
As you plan a WLAN upgrade, you have assessed the network requirements and data signatures of your applications. One of the popular applications used on your network requires high bandwidth and low to medium Wi-Fi loss, but can tolerate moderate latency and jitter.
What application matches this description?
- A . Voice
- B . Email
- C . Skype chat
- D . Video-on-demand
When deploying a new WLAN infrastructure using PoE to power the APs, you realize that a known good AP is not powering up. You use the same cable to connect your laptop and connect without any trouble.
What is the most likely reason the AP did not power up?
- A . Missing AP licenses in the controller
- B . Spanning-tree convergence
- C . Layer 3 routing
- D . Lack of PoE budget on the switch
A table of VLANs in a _________ document should include what device performs ________ services. (Fill in the blanks)
- A . HLD, routing
- B . LLD, bridging
- C . LLD, routing
- D . HLD, QoS
You are creating an outdoor bridge link that spans more than 1000 yards.
Which one of the following antenna types is more likely to be included in the design?
- A . Yagi
- B . Omni
- C . Patch
- D . Panel
A bandpass filter has a maximum in-band loss of 1.5 dB, ripple of 0.4 dB, and a return loss of 15 dB.
What is the minimum in-band loss?
- A . 1.1 dB
- B . 1.5 dB
- C . 13.5 dB
- D . 1.9 dB
An engineering firm just upgraded their WLAN form nine 802.11n APS to nine 802.11ac APs. After this upgrade, they did not see any improvement in throughput.
What is the most likely cause of this result?
- A . The APs are still using the 5 GHz lower band
- B . The clients were not upgraded
- C . APs are mounted on the wall
- D . APs are transmitting at a low transmit power
When deploying APs outdoors, what additional component needs to be used that is not needed indoors?
- A . Antennas
- B . NEMA enclosures
- C . Ethernet cables
- D . PoE
What is the meaning of a Real Time FFT graph?
- A . Real Time FFT means Real Time First Fundamental Trace and shows the value of the first signal detected on each frequency at each sweep interval.
- B . Real Time FFT means Real Time Fast Frequency Timing and shows the RF pulses measured by the Layer 1 sweep tool.
- C . Real Time FFT means Real Time Fast Fourier Transform and shows the max value of the signal detected on each frequency in real time.
- D . Real Time FFT means Real Time Frequency Fundamental Texture and shows the value of the noise background generated by the card used to perform the
- E . Real Time FFT means Real Time Fast Fourier Transform and shows the max value of the signal detected on each frequency in real time.
You are planning for client devices in a WLAN that is be upgraded to 802.11ac.
Which one of the following devices is more likely to have support for 3×3:3 radios and 256 QAM?
- A . handheld scanner
- B . tablet
- C . laptop
- D . USB 2.0 adapter
- E . mobile phone
Your customer requires a security solution in which client credentials are used and the authentication server must have a certificate with optional client certificate use.
Which EAP method would be the best fit for their requirement?
- A . EAP-FAST
- B . EAP-TTLS
- C . EAP-TLS
- D . LEAP
Which of the following is not a business requirement?
- A . The new network design must improve employee productivity.
- B . The new network design must cut operating expenses.
- C . The new network design must make employees happy to come to work.
- D . The new network design must provide support for 802.11n.
When designing a static channel plan for an office using voice devices near an airport, which range of channels should be avoided to ensure optimal performance when implemented?
- A . 36-40
- B . 44-48
- C . 116-124
- D . 1-11
You and 10 other people are connected to a public hot-spot. You issue a ping sweep on the network, but you can’t find any devices on the same subnet as yours.
What feature might be enabled on the WLAN infrastructure that is preventing you from communicating with other devices on that subnet?
- A . Peer-to-peer blocking
- B . OSPF external routes
- C . Band steering
- D . Load balancing
Before performing a pre-deployment passive RF survey of a new deployment using survey mapping software, which of the following must be performed?
- A . Determining AP transmit power
- B . Scaling the map
- C . Selecting antennas
- D . Checking client DTPC settings
What is the most cost-effective way to accurately measure the height of a ceiling when ladder use is not allowed?
- A . Use a laser measure to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling
- B . Gather measurements from other objects and do the math
- C . Estimate the height based on known object sizes
- D . Rent a lift-cart to lift you up to the ceiling
You have performed a validation site survey after deploying a WLAN infrastructure that is an All-Wireless-Office. One specific application of your customer is experiencing delay when using the application after moving from wired connectivity. After your validation, you realized that all APs are using 80 MHz channel- widths instead of 20 MHz on the 5 GHz band, as it was designed.
What can be done to resolve the delay on this application?
- A . APs should be using 160 MHz channel-widths to get more throughput
- B . Reconfigure to use 20 MHz channel-widths, so reuse of the frequency is more effective
- C . Power-off half of the APs to reduce CCI and keep 80 MHz channel-widths
- D . Add more APs using 80 MHz channel-widths
Which type of authentication and encryption method is mandatory for Voice Enterprise certified devices as specified by the Wi-Fi Alliance?
- A . WPA2/AES Personal
- B . WPA2/TKIP Enterprise
- C . WPA2/AES Enterprise
- D . WPA/TKIP Personal
When surveying an existing WLAN infrastructure for a possible redesign, you use two Wi-Fi USB adapters to collect RSSI data and two USB spectrum analysis adapters to collect RF spectrum data. Since your laptop doesn’t have enough USB ports, you use a 4-port powered USB 3.0 hub.
What issues could be caused by the use of USB 3.0 that will impact your site survey?
- A . It does not give you enough bandwidth to collect data coming from all of the adapters.
- B . It does not give you enough power for all four of your adapters.
- C . It generates noise in the 2.4 GHz band, giving you a false perception of the noise floor.
- D . It generates noise in the 5 GHz band, giving you a false perception of the noise floor.
ABC Manufacturing has a heavily-used dual-band (2.4 / 5 GHz) WLAN, but sporadic RF interference across the 2.4 GHz band is causing dropped VoWiFi calls and leading to data connectivity and throughput problems.
In addition to avoiding 2.4 GHz channels and installing a distributed spectrum analyzer to locate RF interference sources, what should the implementer do to resolve the problem fully?
- A . Have only guest access on the 5 GHz channels.
- B . Move all corporate data clients and VoWiFi devices to the 5 GHz channels appropriate for their regulatory domain.
- C . Use captive portals for guest authentication in 5 GHz.
- D . Implement WPA-PSK everywhere in the network.
When using a predictive design tool, you have selected APs with an antenna gain 3 dBi and set the transmit power of the predicted APs to 25 mW.
What should be EIRP of the APs in the design?
- A . 17 dBm
- B . 125 mW
- C . 11 dBm
- D . 6.25 mW
In your company’s WLAN, you expect to have a mixed client PHY environment and plan to use protection mechanisms. The protection mechanism used by your client devices is configurable.
What is the best protection mechanism for backward compatibility of 802.11n devices with 802.11b devices?
- A . WMM Protection
- B . SMPS
- C . CTS-to-Self
- D . Dual-CTSRTS/CTS
A museum wants to offer Wi-Fi to its visitors. One of their requirements is to have the APs blend into the design of the museum.
What should you do to meet this requirement?
- A . Lock the AP inside of a metal box
- B . Place the APs in between walls and I-beams
- C . Use an 802.11b AP, so it looks old enough to be in a museum
- D . Use a plastic cover that could blend in with the environment
What is the minimum PoE budget needed on a switch to support 6 (six) APs that can only be powered using IEEE 802.3at if no other details are provided?
- A . 320 W
- B . 60 W
- C . 180 WD. 240 W
A customer is acquiring a new VoWLAN system to replace their existing wired phone system. When reading about his system’s requirements, you learned that is requires 25 db of SNR to work as expected. After surveying the environment, you discovered that the noise floor is -88 dBm.
What should be the minimum RSSI value to meet the system’s requirements?
- A . -70 dBm
- B . -67 dBm
- C . -65 dBm
- D . -63 dBm
Name the audience type not addressed in this chapter for HLDs.
- A . Operations
- B . Executives
- C . Designers
- D . Engineering
When implementing WLAN security according to common best practices, what feature should be enabled when configuring an EAP type?
- A . The “Do not prompt user to authorize new servers or trusted certification authorities” option
- B . The “Validate server certificate” option
- C . The “Trusted Root Certification Authorities” list
- D . The “Use WEP if RADIUS server unavailable” option
Given: You are evaluating the theoretical and real-world RF gain benefits of transmit and receive features introduced by 802.11 with MIMO. This exercise allows you to quantify the feature’s value in a real-world environment.
What is the maximum theoretical signal gain of chip-based TxBF and MRC (as features) when compared to the same AP using only a single antenna for transmit and receive (effectively simulating a 1×1 chip)?
- A . 2 Rx or Tx chains = 3 dBi gain3 Rx or Tx chains = approx 5 dBi gain4 Rx or Tx chains = 6 dBi gain
- B . 2 Rx or Tx chains = 1 dBi gain3 Rx or Tx chains = 2 dBi gain4 Rx or Tx chains = 3 dBi gain
- C . 2 Rx or Tx chains = 3 dBi gain3 Rx or Tx chains = 6 dBi gain4 Rx or Tx chains = 9 dBi gain
- D . 2 Rx or Tx chains = approx 4-6.5 dBi gain3 Rx or Tx chains = approx 7-10 dBi gain4 Rx or Tx chains =approx 10-12 dBi gain
When designing for a PTP outdoor link, what important consideration should be made about local vegetation? (Choose all that apply.)
- A . Leaves
- B . Tree height growth
- C . Water density
- D . Reflection factor
NicoCo is building a new facility and would like to install a WLAN for primary connectivity of all clients. The requirements are dual-spectrum 802.11n supporting voice and location tracking.
What type of pre-deployment survey should be performed?
- A . Passive, using optimized channels
- B . Active, using a voice handset
- C . Active, using a lowest common denominator client
- D . Predictive
- E . Passive, all channels
An amplifier has a 1 dB compression point of 32 dBm and a gain of 20 dB.
Which is the highest average input power shown here that would be safe to operate a 24 Mbps 802.11g signal so that spectral regrowth is not a problem?
- A . 5 dBm
- B . 0 dBm
- C . 5 dBm
- D . 10 dBm
Four buildings are located in a square orientation to each other. Fisch Stix Food Company is requesting a PtMP link between the buildings.
On the building with the root bridge link, what type of antenna is the best choice?
- A . Vertically polarized omniB. 60° yagi
- B . Parabolic dish
- C . 100° sector
- D . Horizontally polarized omni
During lunch time in the break room of a company, Wi-Fi connectivity on the 2.4 GHz band is intermittent. Every other time of the day, it works fine.
What’s the likely cause of this issue?
- A . Employees are using their cell data instead of using the Wi-Fi
- B . The AP in the cafeteria keeps rebooting due to lack of PoE budget on the switch
- C . Microwaves in the cafeteria are interfering with the Wi-Fi on the 2.4 GHz band
- D . Toasters and ovens are heating up the air, raising the noise floor with the Wi-Fi on the 2.4 Ghz band
A museum wants to offer Wi-Fi to its visitors. One of their requirements is to have the APs blend into the design of the museum.
What should you do to meet this requirement?
- A . Use a plastic cover that could blend in with the environment
- B . Lock the AP inside of a metal box
- C . Place the APs in between walls and I-beams
- D . Use an 802.11b AP, so it looks old enough to be in a museum
While performing a validation site survey, you realize that overlapping channels are being used on the 2.4 GHz bad due to the automatic channel assignment algorithm of the WLAN infrastructure.
What should you do to prevent this?
- A . Reconfigure the automatic channel assignment settings to use only channels 1, 6, and 11
- B . Purchase and deploy new APs from a different vendor
- C . Reconfigure the network to use static channel plans because automatic channel assignment algorithms are all broken
- D . Leave it as it is; sometimes using all 11 channels in 2.4 GHz gives the optimum performance result
Which operational plane would be responsible for performing automated RF management?
- A . Integration
- B . Data
- C . Distribution
- D . Control
- E . Management
How much more power can a 1 Mbps 802.11b signal have than a 54 Mbps 802.11g signal if it is sent through a saturated amplifier?
- A . 5 dBm
- B . 2 dBm
- C . 2 dB
- D . 5 dB
After designing a WLAN infrastructure using predictive design software.
What’s the best way to validate the predictive design in the physical space before deployment, if time and budget allow for it?
- A . Deploy all of the APs as they’re shown in the predictive design and perform an active site survey.
- B . Deploy all of the APs as they’re shown in the predictive design and perform a passive site survey.
- C . Use a client device positioned where the APs will be installed and measure the signal from the client device.
- D . Perform an AP-on-a-Stick survey using AP locations based upon the predictive design to confirm each AP’s placement.
You have determined the best mounting locations for APs in a given installation. The facilities manager has asked you to change the locations for several APs due to aesthetic concerns. You suggest mounting the APs in the ideal locations and painting them so they go unnoticed in the environment.
What is a valid recommendation or consideration when painting APs?
- A . Always use paints with metallic dye in them to prevent potential RF propagation impact.
- B . Painting APs will significantly reduce the output power.
- C . Painting APs may void the product manufacturer’s warranty.
- D . Most AP models for indoor environments come in a variety of form factors and colors. Painting is never recommended.
What advantage provided by 802.11n and 802.11ac is not usable in 1X1:1 low-end client devices?
- A . Mandatory data rates
- B . Channel bonding
- C . MCS data rates
- D . Maximal Ratio Combining
A company wants to connect its headquarters to its remote office that is 13 kilometers away using a wireless bridge.
What requirement must not be forgotten by their Wireless Engineer when considering the Fresnel Zone?
- A . Earth bulge
- B . Antenna gain
- C . FSPL
- D . Receive sensitivity
You are working on a VoWLAN design with your customer’s wired networking team.
How many distinct priority levels do you expect for the voice applications?
- A . 1 priority level, but 2 queues (one for uplink traffic, one for downlink traffic)
- B . 1 priority level per client and AP pair, so the total number depends on the expected number of clients
- C . 1 priority level for voice RTP, 1 priority level for voice control and RTCP
- D . 1 priority level for VoWLAN client traffic, 1 priority level for wired VoIP client traffic
Your new customer is concerned about maintaining privacy for their proprietary information when you conduct information gathering for their WLAN design.
Which document can you use to directly address their concern?
- A . NDA
- B . SoW
- C . BoM
- D . Hold Harmless
A controller-based WLAN infrastructure has its controller on a different subnet than its APs.
What device must be used to enable any communication between the Controller and the APs?
- A . NTP server
- B . Router
- C . PoE Layer 2 switch
- D . Wireless bridge
What are the deliverables to your customer after successfully implementing a WLAN infrastructure?
- A . Digital or physical assets, guides, floorplans and configuration documents
- B . Project Charter
- C . Facility blueprints
- D . Nothing is required. The implemented WLAN was deliverable
You told your customer that multipath fading may be mitigated simply by moving one or both of the receivers antennas a small amount, usually by one to four wavelengths away from its original position. Your customer is prepared to make the change, but does not know the wavelength for 802.11ac.
What is the approximate wavelength of an 802.11ac radio wave?
- A . 5.5 cm (2.16 inches)
- B . 12 cm (4.72 inches)
- C . 15.24 cm (6 inches)
- D . 45 cm (17.71 inches)
In a PC-based spectrum analyzer, what data chart identifies the overall RF utilization of a specific frequency in the environment being surveyed?
- A . FFT Max Hold
- B . FFT Average
- C . Swept Spectrogram
- D . Duty cycle
What document is typically created to launch a project?
- A . Project Charter
- B . Budget
- C . Bill of Materials
- D . Work Breakdown Structure
What is the most cost-effective way to accurately measure the height of a ceiling when ladder use is not allowed?
- A . Estimate the height based on known object sizes
- B . Gather measurements from other objects and do the math
- C . Rent a lift-cart to lift you up to the ceiling
- D . Use a laser measure to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling
The thermal noise is at 174 dBm/Hz. A spectrum analyzer has a resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz and a 5 dB noise figure.
What is the level of the noise floor?
- A . 174 dBm
- B . 139 dBm
- C . 144 dBm
- D . 204 dBm