CIPS L4M5 Commercial Negotiation Online Training
CIPS L4M5 Online Training
The questions for L4M5 were last updated at Feb 06,2025.
- Exam Code: L4M5
- Exam Name: Commercial Negotiation
- Certification Provider: CIPS
- Latest update: Feb 06,2025
Question #71
Which of the following best describes Leverage quadrant in Kraljicmatrix?
- A . Low risk, high importance
- B . High value, high complex
- C . Low risk, low importance
- D . High complex, low importance
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
Diagram
Description automatically generated
Source: Peter Kraljic, HBR
Reference:
– CIPS study guide page 63-73
– What Is The Kraljic Matrix? (forbes.com) LO 1, AC 1.4
Question #71
Which of the following best describes Leverage quadrant in Kraljicmatrix?
- A . Low risk, high importance
- B . High value, high complex
- C . Low risk, low importance
- D . High complex, low importance
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
Diagram
Description automatically generated
Source: Peter Kraljic, HBR
Reference:
– CIPS study guide page 63-73
– What Is The Kraljic Matrix? (forbes.com) LO 1, AC 1.4
Question #71
Which of the following best describes Leverage quadrant in Kraljicmatrix?
- A . Low risk, high importance
- B . High value, high complex
- C . Low risk, low importance
- D . High complex, low importance
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
Diagram
Description automatically generated
Source: Peter Kraljic, HBR
Reference:
– CIPS study guide page 63-73
– What Is The Kraljic Matrix? (forbes.com) LO 1, AC 1.4
Question #71
Which of the following best describes Leverage quadrant in Kraljicmatrix?
- A . Low risk, high importance
- B . High value, high complex
- C . Low risk, low importance
- D . High complex, low importance
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
Diagram
Description automatically generated
Source: Peter Kraljic, HBR
Reference:
– CIPS study guide page 63-73
– What Is The Kraljic Matrix? (forbes.com) LO 1, AC 1.4
Question #71
Which of the following best describes Leverage quadrant in Kraljicmatrix?
- A . Low risk, high importance
- B . High value, high complex
- C . Low risk, low importance
- D . High complex, low importance
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
A
Explanation:
In 1983, Peter Kraljic devised a means to segment the supplier base in the article in HBR. In this, heargued that supply items should be mapped against two key dimensions: risk and profitability.
Risk relates to the likelihood for an unexpected event in the supply chains to disrupt operations. For instance, in important areas of spend, such as tire suppliers for an automotive are business critical, and should a disruption occur, the auto company is likely itself to face substantial problems.
Profitability describes the impact of a supply item upon the bottom line. For certain areas of spend, such as stationery, supplies have only a negligible effect on profits. In other categories, a single source of supply can make or break a business.
Putting these two dimensions together yields a classic two-by-two matrix.
Diagram
Description automatically generated
Source: Peter Kraljic, HBR
Reference:
– CIPS study guide page 63-73
– What Is The Kraljic Matrix? (forbes.com) LO 1, AC 1.4
Question #76
Spendwaterfall
- A . 2 and 4 only
- B . 3 and 4 only
- C . 1 and 2 only
- D . 1 and 3 only
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
Understanding where and with whom your supplier spends their money, or understanding the ‘cost breakdowns’ or ‘price build-up’ of the goods andservices you purchase from the supplier, will help you know
where and when they can offer price concessions.
Cost information can be expressed with more impact through graphs that can be created using Excel and PowerPoint or other softwares. There are two commonly used models known as ‘spend waterfall’
and ‘spend tree’. Spend waterfall shows the build-up of costs, while the spend tree shows all the spends that an organisation makes.
There is no graph known as ‘spend candlesticks’. Candlestick chart is astyle of financial chart used to describe price movements of a security, derivative, or currency.
The aggregate expenditure model is a method of calculating GDP. The aggregate expenditure model focuses on the relationships between production (GDP) and planned spending: GDP = planned
spending = consumption + investment + government purchases + net exports.
A
Explanation:
Understanding where and with whom your supplier spends their money, or understanding the ‘cost breakdowns’ or ‘price build-up’ of the goods andservices you purchase from the supplier, will help you know
where and when they can offer price concessions.
Cost information can be expressed with more impact through graphs that can be created using Excel and PowerPoint or other softwares. There are two commonly used models known as ‘spend waterfall’
and ‘spend tree’. Spend waterfall shows the build-up of costs, while the spend tree shows all the spends that an organisation makes.
There is no graph known as ‘spend candlesticks’. Candlestick chart is astyle of financial chart used to describe price movements of a security, derivative, or currency.
The aggregate expenditure model is a method of calculating GDP. The aggregate expenditure model focuses on the relationships between production (GDP) and planned spending: GDP = planned
spending = consumption + investment + government purchases + net exports.
Question #77
How contribution is calculated in break-even analysis?
- A . Fixed costs divided by variable costs
- B . Variable costs subtracted from price
- C . Price minus fixed costs
- D . Variable costs subtracted from fixed costs
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
Contribution = Price – Variable cost Break-evenpoint (volume) = Fixed cost/Contribution
B
Explanation:
Contribution = Price – Variable cost Break-evenpoint (volume) = Fixed cost/Contribution
Question #78
Which of the following would cause a demand curve for a good to be price inelastic?
- A . There are a great number of substitutes for the good
- B . The consultancy service
- C . The luxury goods
- D . The necessary goods
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
Essential goods andservices such as electricity, fuel, basic food stuffs, commuter transport and habitual products such as tobacco, alcohol and sugar-based drinks are often sited as facing a relatively inelastic demand curve. This means when the price goes up, the quantity demanded does not decrease very much and so they are often the target of government taxation.
LO2, AC 2.2
D
Explanation:
Essential goods andservices such as electricity, fuel, basic food stuffs, commuter transport and habitual products such as tobacco, alcohol and sugar-based drinks are often sited as facing a relatively inelastic demand curve. This means when the price goes up, the quantity demanded does not decrease very much and so they are often the target of government taxation.
LO2, AC 2.2
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