The data validation step stresses the need for a knowledgeable individual.
- A . To comparing data from the inspections to the expected deterioration mechanism and rates
- B . To compare the results with previous measurements on that system
- C . Similar systems at the site or within the company or published data
- D . All of the above
Following are the critical variables for deterioration mechanism except
- A . Material of construction
- B . Process operating
- C . Start up and shut down conditions
- D . Insulation
If a qra has been prepared for a process unit, the analysis can borrow extensively from this effort.
- A . Rbi consequence
- B . Rbi likelihood
- C . Rbi probability
If the probability and consequence combination (risk) is high enough to be unacceptable, then
- A . A mitigation action to predict or prevent the eventis recommended.
- B . A mitigation action to predict or prevent the event isnot recommended
- C . Warrant to analyze risks involved
A Rbi analysis shares many of the techniques and data requirements with a____________.
- A . Qra
- B . Pha
- C . Hazop
- D . Event tree
CORRECT TEXT
…………..Produces inspection and maintenance plans for equipment that shouldbe implemented to provide……………and…………….
- A . Rbi, reliable and safe operation
Following are some of the recognized risks which cannot be managed by inspection alone except one
- A . Equipment nearing retirement
- B . Failure mechanisms (such as brittle fracture, fatigue) where avoidance of failure primarily depends on operating within a defined pressure/temperature envelope
- C . Consequence-dominated risks
- D . The suitability and current condition of the equipment within the current operating envelope will determine the probability of failure (pof) of the equipment from one or more deterioration mechanisms
Potential hazards identified in a pha will often affect the
- A . Probability of failure side of the risk equation.
- B . Consequence of failure side of the equation
In RBI most of the probability assessment will be
- A . Only quality assessment
- B . Only quantity assessment
- C . Blend of quality and quantity assessment
The primary audience for rp 580 is
- A . Inspection and materials engineering personnel
- B . Maintenance personnel
- C . Only inspection personnel
- D . Only materials engineering personnel
___________is usually not the primaryobjective of a rabiassessment, but it is frequently a side effect of optimization.
- A . Reducing inspection costs
- B . Increasing inspection costs
- C . Increasing frequency of inspection programs
Probability of failure analysis is made from
- A . Loss of containment that occurs due to deterioration mechanism
- B . Consequences of the failure
- C . Done just with previous experience
- D . All the above
If multiple inspections have been performed, which inspection may best reflect current operating conditions?
- A . Most recent inspection
- B . Base line inspection survey
- C . Process conditions
- D . Corrosion survey
The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to mechanical and metallurgical deterioration
- A . Smallholes to ruptures
- B . Cracks
- C . Catastrophic ruptures
- D . Leaks
Hazard identification in a rbi analysis generally focuses on identifiable failure mechanisms in the equipment (inspectable causes) but does not explicitly deal with
- A . Other potential failure scenarios resulting from events such as power S failures or human errors
- B . Other potential failure resulting from events such as flammable fire due to leak from equipment
- C . Environmental impact caused due to toxic release
Reliability efforts, such as reliability centered maintenance (rem), can be linked with rbi, resulting in an integrated program to
- A . Reducedowntime in an operating unit
- B . Reduce operating time of a unit
- C . To reduce risk by mitigation activities
Some failures have potentially serious consequences, but if the probabilityof the incident is low, then
- A . The risk may not warrant immediate action
- B . The risk may warrant immediate action
- C . The risk may warrant appropriate mitigation action
Fora typical inspection program, if excessive inspectionis applied then,
- A . Level of risk may go up
- B . Level of risk may go down
- C . Level of risk remain the same
Act of mitigating a known risk to a lower level of risk.
- A . Risk reduction
- B . Risk mitigation
- C . Risk evaluation
When in accurate or insufficient failure data exists on the specific equipment item for quantative probability of failure analysis then
- A . General industry, company or manufacturer failure data used
- B . Process hazard analysis failure data may be used
- C . Process and toxic concentration analysis may be used
Process to find, list, and characterize elements of risk
- A . Risk estimation
- B . Risk evaluation
- C . Risk identification
The models are evaluated_____________to provide both qualitative and quantitative insights about the level of risk and to identify the design, site, or operational characteristics that are the most important to risk
- A . Probabilistically
- B . Statistically
- C . Linearly
- D . Logically
When the inspection program is optimized based on an understanding of risk, one or more of the following cost reduction benefits may be realized. Except one
- A . Ineffective, unnecessary or inappropriate inspection activities may be eliminated
- B . Effective, necessary or appropriate inspection activities maybe eliminated
- C . On-line or non-invasive inspection methods may be substituted for invasive methods that require equipment shutdown
- D . More effective infrequent inspections may be substituted for less effective frequent inspections
Qualitative analysis is done and the outcome will be
- A . Exact number
- B . High, medium and low or range
- C . Only in report
Rbi is focused on a systematic determination of
- A . Relative risks
- B . Absolute risks
- C . Comparable risks
- D . Total risks
If a very aggressive acid is carried over from a corrosion resistant part of a system into a downstream vessel that is made of carbon steel, the result would be
- A . Rapid corrosion could result in failure in a few hours or days.
- B . General corrosion over a period of time could result in metal loss
- C . No deterioration will take place since carbon steel is resistent to aggressive acid
Probability side of the risk equation is normally managed by
- A . Plant inspectors or inspection engineers
- B . Maintenance planning engineers
- C . Process safety personnel
- D . Both a and b
_____________represents the next generation of inspection approachesand interval setting, recognizing that the ultimate goal of inspection is the safety and reliability of operating facilities
- A . Rbi
- B . Pha
- C . Hazop
- D . Rcm
No deterioration found in the inspection program but still failure can occur under the following conditions.
- A . During plant construction period
- B . As a result of change or process upset condition
- C . All the above
Limitation of any negative consequence or reduction in probability of a particular event
- A . Mitigation
- B . Reduction
- C . Residual
______________ provides a consistent methodology for assessing the optimum combination of methods and frequencies.
- A . Rbi
- B . Rem
- C . Pha
- D . Hazop
A physical condition or a release of a hazardous material that could result from component failure and result in human injury or death, loss or damage, or environ- mental degradation
- A . Hazard
- B . Loss
- C . Failure
Following is the unit of measure of consequence that is least developed among those currently used for rbi assessment
- A . Affected area
- B . Cost
- C . Environmental damage
- D . Safety
Risk presented in quantitative risk analysis as a
- A . Precise numeric value
- B . Form of risk matrix
- C . Form of event tree and fault tree
The program that is focused on understanding failure modes, addressing the modes and therefore improving the reliability of equipment and process facilities.
- A . Rbi
- B . Pha
- C . Rem
- D . Hazop
Sec occurs when equipment is exposed to environments
- A . Conducive to certain cracking mechanisms
- B . Unfavorable to certain cracking mechanisms
- C . Unbeneficial to certain cracking mechanisms
Through__________________, inspection activities arefocusedonhigher risk items and away from lower risk items.
- A . Rbi
- B . Pha
- C . Rem
- D . Hazop
Following are the non-inspection mitigation actions except one
- A . Replacement or upgrade
- B . Equipment redesign
- C . Maintenance of strict controls on operating conditions
- D . Risk management by monitoring the deterioration
Consequence side of the risk equation is normally managed by
- A . Inspection alone
- B . Process safety personnel
- C . Management
- D . B&C
______________to be established to judge acceptability of risk couldhe an objective of the rbi assessment if such criteria do not exist already within the user’s company.
- A . Risk criteria
- B . Risk plan
- C . Risk analysis
_________________curves are referred for the deterioration mechanismfor carbon and low ally steel materials.
- A . Nelson curves
- B . Ph concentration curves
- C . Schmidt curves for sulfide corrosion
The following assumption can bemade that significantly impact the calculated corrosion rate early in the equipment life
- A . If the base line thickness were not performed the nominal thickness may be used for the original thickness
- B . If original thickness not available, averaged ut thickness readings may be used
- C . If the original thickness not available, maximum utthickness readings may be used
Rbi requires the commitment and cooperation of the
- A . Total organization
- B . Inspection
- C . Maintenance
- D . Materials engineering
The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to ssc
- A . Small holes to rupture
- B . Small holes
- C . Cracks
- D . Only rupture
The ability to state the rate of deterioration precisely is affected by the following except
- A . By equipment complexity
- B . Type of deterioration mechanism, process and metallurgical variations
- C . Inaccessibility for inspection, limitations of inspection and test methods
- D . Lack of coverage of an area subject to deterioration
- E . None of the above
Method used for consequence analysis should demonstrate the ability to provide
- A . Just an analysis
- B . No output is required
- C . The required level of discrimination between higher and lower consequence equipment items.
Method used for consequence analysis should demonstrate the ability to provide
- A . Just an analysis
- B . No output is required
- C . The required level of discrimination between higher and lower consequence equipment items.
Who can provide useful input (such as the spectrum of process conditions, injection points etc.) To aid materials specialists in the identification of deterioration mechanisms and rates
- A . Process specialists
- B . Plant operation specialists
- C . Asset integrity experts
- D . Inspection engineers
Reliability efforts, such as reliability centered maintenance (rcm), can be linked with rbi, resulting in an integrated program to
- A . Reduce downtime in an operating unit
- B . Reduce operating time of a unit
- C . To reduce risk by mitigation activities
Thing or activity with a potential for con- sequence
- A . Source
- B . Hazard
- C . Toxic